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[初二] 竞赛中的句式转换解题指导

[日期:2007-05-02]   [字体: ]

(A)看清要求。既要看清大题要求,又要看清每小题的要求,题目要求变同义句,你不能变成非同义句;要求变反意疑问句,你就不能变成一般疑问句或选择疑问句。对于做第一种句型转换题,看清要求特别重要,因为括号中的要求可迅速把你的注意力集中在一个很具体的问题上。例如:

1把下列句子变为否定句。

①I did it yesterday.→I didn't do it yesterday.

②I think he's right.→I don't think he's right.

③Open the door,please.→Don't open the door,please.

2.把下列句子变成一般疑问句。

①He likes reading.→Does he like reading?

②They had a nice time yesterday.→Did they have a nice time yesterday?

③Jill will come back in two days.→Will Jill come back in two days?

④I don't have supper at school.→Don't you have supper at school?

3.将下列句子变为选择疑问句。

①He's a worker.(a teacher)→Is he a worker or a teacher?

②Jim was born in 1988.(in 1989)→Was Jim born in 1988 or in 1989?

4.将下列句子变为反意疑问句。

①Mr Mott got up very late in the morning.→Mr Mott got up very late in the morning,didn't he?

②Sandy never had lunch at school last year.→Sandy never had lunch at school last year,did she?

5将下列句子变为感叹句。

①Beijing is a very beautiful city.→What a beautiful city Beijing is!/How beautiful the city of Beijing is!

②This watch is 100,000 dollars(美元).→What an expensive watch it is!/How expensive this watch is!

6.对划线部分提问。

①The Japanese band gave a concert in Wuhan last Sunday.→ When did the Japanese band give a concert in Wuhan?

②He was born in Paris in 1972.→When and where was he born?

③Her new skirt is 200 yuan.→How much is her new skirt?/What price is her new skirt?/What's the price of her new skirt?

7.将下列句子变为单数或复数句子。

①He's doing his homework now.→They're doing their homework now.

②Those are women doctors.→That is a woman doctor.

③There is a deer and a sheep under the tree.→There are some deer and some sheep under the tree.

8.将下列各题两个句子合并为一个句子。

①I saw the woman last week.She carried a baby in her arms.→I saw the woman with a baby in her arms last week.我上周看见过那个抱小孩的妇女。

②I have a brother.His name is Allan.→I have a brother called / named Allan.我有一个名叫艾伦的弟弟。

③A truck runs fast.A car runs faster.→A car runs faster than a truck.汽车比卡车快。

④Eric sang a song in Chinese.The song sounded very beautiful.→Eric sang a very beautiful song in Chinese.埃里克用汉语演唱了一首非常动听的歌曲。

(B)熟悉句型。对于按要求转换句型这类题目,必须对各种句型相当熟练,才能对题目后面的各种不同的要求迅速作出不同的反应。如果对诸如祈使句、感叹句、反意疑问句等都不知道是怎么回事,要进行正确的转换是不可能的。请看教材中的一个句子,要求不同,变法各异:

I think the most interesting animal in the zoo is the dolphin.

①变否定句:I don't think the most interesting animal in the zoo is the dolphin.

②变一般疑问句:Do you think the most interesting animal in the zoo is the dolphin?

③变反意疑问句:I think the most interesting animal in the zoo is the dolphin,isn't it?

④对the dolphin提问:What kind of animal do you think is the most interesting in the zoo?

(C)弄清句意。对同义句转换题,必须根据上句的意思确定下句的转换方法。如果句意看不懂、弄不明,则无法进行转换。对按不同要求转换句型之类的题目,也必须知道句意。如对划线部分提问之类的题目,既要弄清划线部分的意思,也要弄清全句的意思。只有这样,才能确定正确的提问词。例如:

①Let's climb up the hill to pick flowers,OK?(变同义句)

___________ ___________ climb up the hill to pick flowers?

②I think we must buy some bread for breakfast.(对划线部分提问)

___________ ___________ you think we must buy for breakfast?

析:这两题都选自2000年初二组初赛题。第①题上句意为“我们去爬山摘花好吗?”从句意看,本题表建议或征求意见,想想表建议的句型,Shall we不难填出。第②题句意不难理解,只是句型结构作了些变动:上句I think的疑问式do you think作为插入语插在特殊疑问词what和we之间。故本题填What do。

(D)注意特例。句型转换总体来说不是很复杂,但有些题容易出错,错因之一就是不注意特例。特例题不是难题,只是要细心。如:

①He has some books.(变否定句)

He doesn't have any books./He hasn't any books.

②Kate bought something in the shop yesterday.(变一般疑问句)

Did Kate buy anything in the shop yesterday?

③He said something at the meeting.(变否定句)

He said nothing at the meeting ./He didn't say anything at the meeting.

④Kate has a brother and a sister.(变否定句)

Kate doesn't have a brother or a sister.(or有“也不”之意)

⑤ Mary is always late for school.(变否定句)

Mary is never late for school.

注:第⑤题若说成Mary is not always late for school.则为部分否定,意为:玛丽上学不总迟到。(含有“有时不迟到”的情况。)

总之,做句型转换题时,要在弄懂要求和句意的前提下,针对题中空格有目的地进行思考,找到求答的切点。另外,平时要多练,培养活用语言的能力。最后要告诫大家:找准单词,不要出现拼写错误。

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