IV．短文理解
短文理解听力题，录音中播放一篇短文，要求我们根据听到的短文内容，选择能够回答问题或完成句子的选项。如：
题型一：根据你所听到的短文内容，完成下列各句，短文读两遍。
录音：You will hear a passage．Choose the best answers according to it．The passage will be read twice．
This is a small park．There are many trees in it．And there are many birds in the trees．There is a river in the park．Eight boats are on it．My friend and I like the red one very much．It is not very big，but we two can just sit in it．Many people are in the park． They sit under the trees，by the river and on the boats．You can see two dogs，too． They are near the trees．
试卷：1．There are＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿in the park．
A．two dogs B．six boats C．eight birds D．two rivers
2．My friend and I sit in a＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿boat．
A．big B．black C．new D．small
3．Many＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿are under the trees．
A．birds B．dogs C．boats D．people
4．＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿people can sit in the red boat．
A．Only one B．Two C．Three D．Four
5．The passage is about ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．
A．the park B．boats C．the people D．trees
（答案：1．A 2．D 3．D 4．B 5．A）
题型二：根据听到的短文和图画，选择能回答短文后问题的正确选项。短文及问题各读两遍。
录音：You will hear a passage．According to the picture and the passage you hear，choose the right answer．The passage will be read twice．
Look！This is my room．Open the door．You can see two desks．On the desks there are two books，a light and a ruler．Behind the door there is a football．I like it very much．On the wall there are two pictures．Look at the boy．That's me．What do you think of my room？It's very nice，isn't it？
试卷：1．What's on the desks？
A．A light and a ruler．B．A light and two books．
C．A clock and a kite．
D．A computer，a bag，two books，a light and a ruler．
2．How many pictures are there on the wall？
A．Two．B．Three．C．Four．D．Only one．
3．Where's the football？
A．It's on the wall．B．It's behind the door．
C．It's under the big desk．D．It's beside the small desk．
4．Who's the man in the picture？
A．He's a policeman．B．He's Mike's father．
C．We don's know．D．He's Mike's friend．
5．Which of the following things aren't mentioned（没有被提及）in this passage？
A．The mouse，the chair，the picture，the wall and the door．
B．The computer，the chair，the kite and the clock．
C．The floor，the book，the chair，the bag and the ruler．
D．The desk，the computer，the chair，the ruler and the football．
（答案：1．D2．A3．B4．C5．B）
解题指导
我们有些同学认为“短文”的听力理解比较难，又得听内容，又得选答案，弄不好会搞得手忙脚乱。其实，“短文理解”并不像我们想象的那么难。它比单句、一对一的简单对话更有韵味。因为，一般情况下，竞赛试题中的听力短文，都是有人物，有故事情节的趣味小故事。而且，词汇范围不会超出我们所学的知识。做题时，只要我们注意力集中，掌握一定的技巧，就一定能答好每一道题的。
做“短文理解”听力题，很关键的是要“眼、耳、手、脑”密切配合，听得要真切；看得要准确；记得要确切；联想得要贴切。2001年竞赛初赛试题21—25小题是针对一段短文而设。
21．What class is Sam in？
A．Class 1．B．Class 5．C．Class 6．D．Class 8．
22．How many girls are there in Ling Feng's class？
A．40．B．19．C．21．D．24．
23．Can Sam and Mary speak English？
A．Yes，they can．B．No，they can't．
C．Sam can，but Mary can't．D．Mary can，but Sam can't．
24．Is Miss Zhao young or old？
A．She is young．She is only 26．B．She is not so young．She is 30．
C．She is young．She is 21．D．She is young．She is 24．
25．Which school does Mr Hu work in？
A．No．1 Middle School．B．No．2 Middle School
C．Yucai Middle School ．D．No．5 Middle School．
根据试题，我们可以了解到：这篇短文涉及到班级、人数、老师、学生和学校；听的重点包括：（1）班级序号；（2）女生人数；（3）是否会说英语；（4）老师的年龄；（5）Mr Hu的工作学校。由于“问题”是在试卷上，我们只需注意“听”就是了。“短文理解”录音也是放两遍，听第一遍时，要边听，边看试题，边记忆听到的内容，听到与试题相关的“关键词”，立即作记号；听第二遍录音时，查漏补缺。
现在我们来看一看录音中与试题相关的“关键词、句”：
Hello，I'm Ling Feng，a Chinese boy．I'm 14 now．I am a student of Yucai Middle School．I'm in Class 6，Grade 1．
I have two good friends．Mary is an English girl．She is 11．She is in Class 5，Grade 1．Sam is an American boy．He is 13．We are in the same class．There are forty students in my class．Twenty-one of them are boys．
Mr Hu is our Chinese teacher．He looks young．He is 26．Miss Zhao is our English teacher．She looks nice．She is only 24．They are good teachers．We all like them very much．
这几个句子都直接或间接地回答了每个问题。其中有的小题的关键词就在句中。有的小题则需要联系上下句才能确定。特别是22小题，文中给了学生总数（forty）和男孩的数目（twenty-one），而问题是问女孩有多少，这就需要简单的计算一下才能答对。（答案：21．C 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．C）
竞赛试题听力“短文理解”的另一种题型，是要求我们“选出最佳答案，完成句子”。录音也是放两遍。这样的题型重点测试我们抓关键词和辨析同类词或事物的能力。试题所给的句子有的可能是短文中的原句，也可能不是。是原句的，我们只要听清、听准关键词就行了；而非原文的句子，要结合上下文或全文内容进行判断。
