二、副词性替代 英语中的一些副词,如here(这里),then(当时、到那时、然后),thus(从而、那么)等,可替代名词及名词短语。 I came to this city in 1990. I have lived here for more than ten years. 三、动词性替代 用do的一定形式或 do so 来替代动词。 1. do 替代主动词或主动词+补足成分(一般见于肯定结构)。如果被替代的主动词是及物的,则do 之后须跟宾语。do 可与情态助动词连用;在否定句和疑问句中还须借助于助动词do的适当形式为操作词 。 A:Does Tom speak English? B:Yes, he does. She plays the piano better than she does the guitar. Mary studies modern history and doesn’t do modern languages. 2. 复合代动词do so既可替代“动—宾”谓语结构,也可替代“动—状”谓语结构。有时可以和do that, do it 交替使用。 The professor tasted the mixture and he wanted us to do so. He smokes a lot. Does his brother do so? The boys are playing hide?鄄and?鄄seek, and we watched them doing that. 3.代动词do与连接性副词so搭配,构成两个常用于作简短反应的句型: a.“So + do + 主语”,表示“我也如此”或“另外一个人也如此”。 A:I like playing basketball. B:So do I. / So does my brother. b.“So +主语 + do”,表示对别人所说的情况加以肯定,在这种结构中,主语一般与上文主语相同,但间或也可不同于上文的主语,so的意义相当于indeed,certainly等。 A:Father, you promised. B:Well, so I did! 注:1)当主动词have(作“有”解)用于上述两种简短反应时,可有两种形式:一种是用主动词have的一定形式,另一种是用代动词do的一定形式。 A:Mary has a new pen. B:Yes, so she has / so she does. 2)上述两种简短反应,如果上文谓语动词带有情态助动词will,则用“So +will + 主语”和“So +主语 + will”。 A:Lucy will win the prize. B:So will Joan. |