高考英语考试结束的第二天,已连续送了18年高三毕业班的我仍迫不及待地从网上找到2003年高考英语试题,读到完形填空题时,不禁被一篇情感色彩浓烈的记叙文所吸引,多年来十分强调的分析褒贬语境巧解完形填空题的解题方法在2003年高考英语完形填空题解题中的巨大作用深深震撼了我,我更坚定了今后继续分析高考、研究高考、指导学子们高考的信心。如何利用语境的褒贬性进行完形填空信息推断呢?我认为应注意下列几点:
一、认真阅读原文,找出反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子,并大胆预测下文。
第一遍通读时应在掌握文章大意弄清作者思路的基础上,着重寻找反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子,这些标志性词汇或句子往往对文章语境的褒贬性起着决定性作用。寻找语境褒贬性的标志性词汇时,应着重阅读首节或首句,因为首节或首句往往体现文章的主旨大意,也就体现了作者的写作意图,从而体现语境的褒贬性。确定好语境的褒贬性后,要对其进行逻辑推理,推断出该语境的未知信息。
认真阅读原文第37空到第46空内容不难发现:I laughed quietly...,Ed's been the least physically fit member..., His big stomach has always ballooned out… 等词汇或句子对于主人公来说带有明显的褒义色彩,反映出文章轻快的氛围和主人公自以为比赛胜券在握,轻松获胜在望的得意心理。在这种褒义语境的指引下进行准确的逻辑判断,便不难推断出这部分内容的未知信息。
When Ed first phoned and suggested we play, I laughed quietly, figuring on an easy victory. After all, Ed's idea of exercise has always been nothing more effort-making than lifting a fork to his mouth. As long as I can remember, Ed's been the least physically fit member in the family, and strangely proud of himself. His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although the family often joked about that, Ed refused to buy a larger T-shirt or to lose weight.
Ed的比赛条件如此糟糕,看来我的成功他的失败在所难免。此时我们可以大胆预测一下,主人公是不是真的轻松取胜了?如果没有,自己对人的态度会不会有所改变?这样的预测对理清文章的思路和文意发展方向很有好处。
二、认真阅读原文找出反映语境褒贬性产生变化的标志性词汇或句子,继续大胆预测下文。
不少完形填空题其语境的褒贬性不是贯彻始终,而是有所变化的,这就说明主人公的心理、情绪和作者的写作意图有了改变,这种改变代表着文意和文章发展方向的改变,因此文章未知信息的褒贬性也必然随之改变,因此我们做完形填空题时应认真阅读原文,找出反映语境褒贬性变化的标志性词汇或句子,并据此进行逻辑判断,从而推断出未知信息。
认真阅读文章其余内容不难发现I was so surprised..., My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape, ...the score to be about to 9 to 1 in my favor...7 to 9..., The Sudden realization was painful, ...to play like two mad men, ...both of us were lying flat on our backs, too tired...等词汇或句子带有贬义色彩,反映出主人公的心情有了明显的变化,由骄傲自负、轻松得意到身心疲惫,而文章的氛围也由轻快向沉闷转变,因此文章未知信息也必将带有明显的贬义色彩,在这种贬义色彩的指引下进行准确的逻辑判断,文章未知信息就会水落石出。
So when Ed arrived for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly notice. I was so surprised that I was speechless. My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. As a result, at the point in our game when I'd have predicted(预计) the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was instead 7 to 9—and Ed was leading. The sudden realization was painful. We continued to play like two mad men. When the score was 16 up. I was having serious doubts about staying alive until 21 years old. Let alone scoring that many points. When the game finally ended, both of us were lying flat on our backs, too tired to move. In a way, I think we both won: I the game, but cousin Ed my respect.
主人公因自己的不良表现改变了对自己和对Ed的看法。
三、完整地阅读原文,检验其褒贬语境及变化是否与文意完全吻合。
做完完形填空题后,我们一定要把文章完整地读一遍,看看其褒贬语境及变化与文章的情节发展、主人公的心理及情绪变化、作者的写作意图是否完全一致,文意是否顺畅、有道理、一气呵成,再在主旨文意及褒贬语境的指引下,作适当调整。如做完2003年高考英语完形填空题后,我们可以再将反映褒贬语境变化的标志性词汇或句子仔细推敲一下,就能发现I laughed quietly...,Ed's been the least physically fit member..., His big stomach has always ballooned out... 等词汇或句子的确让我们感受到文章的轻快氛围,而这一部分内容中的easy,effort-making,strangely,joke等正是与这种氛围吻合的选项。I was so surprised..., My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape, ...the score to be about to 9 to 1 in my favor...7 to 9..., The Sudden realization was painful, ...to play like two mad men, ...both of us were lying flat on our backs, too tired…等词汇或句子反映出主人公的情绪和文意的发展方向有了变化,让我们充分感受到文章沉闷的氛围,而这一部分内容的speechless,As a result,instead,leading,continued,doubts等选项与这种氛围完全吻合。主人公本以为会轻松取胜,却没料到如此威风扫地,这一结局大大出乎意料,所以原文第一句未知信息也水落石出。I played a racquetball game against my cousin Ed last week. It was one of the most surprising and tiring games I've ever had.
这里surprising说明了比赛的性质,这个性质要在通读全文之后才能抽象概括而出,这一点充分体现了倒序式记叙文的思路特点,而再反过来想一想,这篇文章也确实是讲这场比赛是如何出乎意料让主人公对人对己有了重新评判。经过检验,可以断定自己的解题思路和方法是完全正确的。
