英语中的现在分词和过去分词都是非谓语形式,二者都有相同的语法功能:即可在句子中作定语、宾语/主语补足语、状语和表语等。分词一直是历届高考试题的重要考点之一,其焦点主要集中在现在分词和过去分词二者的区别上。
本文从过去分词在句子中的功能入手,以高考试题为例,对过去分词的考点加以归纳。
(一)作定语
过去分词无时态和语态变化。某些表示心理情感的动词,如delight,disappoint,dis-courage,excite,frighten,inspire,interest,move,please,satisfy,surprise,tire,touch等,其过去分词一般用来表达被动的动作,意为“感到……的”;而现在分词一般用来表达正在进行的动作,意为“令人……的”。单个的过去分词作定语放在所修饰名词之前;过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰名词之后,其功能相当于一个定语从句。
1.Prices of daily goods____ through a computer can be lower than store prices.(2002北京、内蒙古、安徽春招)
A.are bought B.bought
C.been boughtD.buying
2.Don't use words,expressions,or phrasesonly ____ to people with specific knowledge.(2002上海高考)
A.being known
B.having been known
C.to be known D.known
3.The computer center,____ last year,is very popular among the students inthisschool.(MET1993)
A.open B.opening
C.having opened D.opened
(二)作宾语/主语补足语
过去分词可用在see,hear,watch,notice,observe,find,have,get,leave等动词后,表达被动的动作。
4.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year.(NMET2000)
A.carry out B.carrying out
C.carried out D.to carry out
5.The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself____ .(NMET1991)
A.hear B.to hear
C.hearing D.heard
6.—Good morning.Can I help you?
—I'd like to have this package ____ ,madam.(MET1989)
A.be weighed B.to be weighed
C.to weigh D.weighed
(三)作状语
过去分词在句子中可作状语,表原因、时间、条件和伴随等,一般可用相应的状语从句改写。
7.____ time,he'll make a first-classtennis player.(2003北京高考)
A.Having given B.To give
C.Giving D.Given
8.Generally speaking,according to the directions,____ the drug has no side effect.(2003上海高考)
A.when taking B.when taken
C.when to take D.when to be taken
9.____ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front ofhim.(NMET1996)
A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lose
(四)作表语
过去分词作表语时,其作用相当于一个形容词,很多作表语用的分词已经形容词化,可以用very来修饰。如:
He's very pleased with himself.他洋洋自得。
注:到2003年为止,过去分词作表语在高考单项填空题中尚未出现过,但考生对此语法项目应该掌握。
Key:1—5BDDCD 6—9DDBC