【题型解说】近年来高考英语单项填空题创新力度很大，特别注重在复杂的语言环境中考查考生综合运用语言和语法知识的能力。这些试题摒弃陈腐句型，以前置句、后置句、省略句、插入句、变化句等创新句型来增加语境和句子结构的复杂性，这是由单纯机械考查语法知识向利用创新语境和创新句型综合考查语法知识的过渡，它能有效增加试卷的区分度，拉开考生分数差距，便于高校分层次选拔人才，它代表着高考英语单项填空题的命题方向。
面对高考试题的推陈出新，追根求源是最佳应对方法，还原、消元、补元、语境分析、假设等方法可帮助考生恢复创新选择题的原句，从而达到化简的目的。
一、还原法巧解复杂句型创新题
【考点说明】 近年来高考英语试题常以前置句、疑问句、倒装句、插入句、变化句等创新句型来增加语境和句子结构的复杂性。
【备考提示】解题时，应将题干中由简单句演变而来的复杂句重新还原成简单句，从而达到化简的目的。
1.This is the use which we made______ sea resources.
A. it of B. use of
C. which of D. of
2.—Do you still remember her?
—I______ her as much as I do now for a long time.
A. haven't missed B. don't miss
C. am not missing D. didn't miss
3. ______ days going on their school became more and more beautiful.
A. As B. When C. With D. While
4. Is this house______you built last year?
A. which B. that
C. the one D. where
5. ______there with you?
A. Isn't he to go B. Isn't he go
C. Is he not go D. Is not he go
6. Whom would you rather______to the hospital?
A. have sending B. have sent
C. having send D. having sent
7. Never before______education.
A. so many women have received
B. have so many women received
C. so have many women received
D. many so women have received
8. His eyes were found______on the picture.
A. fixed B. fixing
C. to fix D. to be fixed
9. Where______he was beaten by his father?
A. it was that B. was it that
C. was it D. it was
【答案与解析】
1. D。前置句创新题。made use of 短语的宾语use被提前作定语从句的先行词。定语从句中不能出现重复代替先行词的词，所以A、B、C均错误。
2. A。后置创新题。该题将时间状语for a long time后置到now的后面，其动作的时态标志就不太明确，若将for a long time还原至句首或her后面，现在完成时的特点将更明确。
3. C。 变换句创新题。前半句源于As days went on，可改成独立主格结构，由with+名词（days）+现在分词短语（going on）构成。
4. C。一般疑问句创新题。该句可还原成：This house is the one you built last year.
5. A。否定疑问句创新题。该句可还原成：He isn't to go there with you.
6. B。特殊疑问句创新题。该句可还原成：I would rather have my mother sent to the hospital. (就划线部分提问)
7. B。倒装句创新题。该句可还原成： So many women have never received education before.
8. A。语态创新题。该句可还原成：We found that his eyes were fixed on the picture. 再还原成：We found his eyes fixed on the picture.(改成被动语态)
9. B。强调句创新题。该句可还原成：It was in that room that he was beaten by his father. (就划线部分提问)
二、消元法巧解增元创新题
【考点说明】增元创新是指在考生比较熟悉的完整句子中，再增加某一内容而成创新句型。此法尤其适用于在完整句中增加插入语。
【备考提示】将试题中被增加的内容略去，使之恢复为通常句型。
1. He has spent I think a lot______time in reading than she has.
A. of B. more
C. much more D. of much more
2. ______do you think has taken your dictionary?
A. Who B. Whom C. Whose D. What
3. He was admitted into
A. who B. this C. which D. what
4. Li Ping sings English songs______, if not better than, Wei Fang.
A. as well B. as well as
C. so well D. so well as
5. Recently he's made another wonderful invention, ______of GREat importance to science.
A. that I suppose it is
B. which I suppose is
C. I suppose which it is
D. and I suppose which it is
【答案与解析】
1. B。增元创新题。该句可简略为：He has spent a lot more time in reading than she has.
2. A。增元创新题。 该句可简略为：______has taken your dictionary？显然，该句缺主语，应填Who。
3. C。增元创新题。该句可简略为：He was admitted into Beijing University, ______made his family very happy.显然，该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句且在从句中作主语，应填which。
4. B。 增元创新题。该句可简略为：Li Ping sings English songs______Wei Fang.显然，该句表示李平和魏芳英语歌唱得一样好，应填as well as (so well as不能用于肯定句)。
5. B。增元创新题，因I suppose为插入语，该句可简化为：Recently he's made another wonderful invention, ______is of GREat importance to science. 显然，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句且在从句中作主语，所以应填which。由此可见，答案应为B。
三、补元法巧解省略创新题
【考点说明】省略创新是指将某一句子成分省略而成创新句型。
【备考提示】将省略句补全恢复为完整句。
1. —Have you seen the film?
—Yes. I______it last Friday.
A. saw B. have seen
C. had seen D. was seeing
2. You should keep silent when______.
A. introducing to B. introduced to C. be introducing to
D. introduce to
3. Once______，this film will never be forgotten.
A. see B. seeing
C. seen D. to be seen
4. I don't think it is going to rain, but I'll take an umbrella______.
A. in case B. at last
C. once again D. in time
5. —Do you reGREt paying five hundred pounds for such an ordinary painting?
—No. In fact I would gladly have paid______for it.
A. twice as much B. twice so much
C. as twice much D. so much twice
6. —Will you go to attend their party?
—Not______I have finished my term paper.
A. if B. when C. unless D. after
7. —I feel tired, Dad.
—Tired?______?
A. Since what B. For why
C. From which D. Of what
【答案与解析】
1. A。省略创新题。不少考生可能会误选B，他们认为该句用现在完成时提问就得用现在完成时回答，这个观点非常正确，但他们没有想到该题为省略创新题，可补充还原成：
—Have you seen the film?
—Yes, I have. I______it last Friday.
2. B。省略创新题。该句可补充为：You can't keep silent when you are introduced to.因该句为时间状语从句，主从句主语一致，从句谓语动词含are，此时可将从句主谓结构you are省略。显然，该空应填introduced to。
3. C。省略创新题。该句可补充为：Once it is seen, this film will never be forgotton。因该句为条件状语从句，从句主语为it，谓语动词为is，此时可将从句主谓结构it is 省略。显然，该空应填seen。
4. A。省略创新题。该句可补充为：I don't think it is going to rain, but I'll take an umbrella______it rains.显然，该空应填in case。
5. A。省略创新题。该句答语可补充为：No. In fact I would gladly have paid twice as much as five hundred pounds for it.显然，答案应为A。
6. C。省略创新题。该句可补充为：I'll not go to attend their party______I have finished my term paper.由此不难发现该空应填unless，引导条件状语从句。
7. D。省略创新题。析语境可知，空格处含义为：对什么厌烦？显然空格处为省略句，补全了应为：You feel tired______因此填of what就是理所当然的事。
四、语境分析法巧解出奇制胜题
【考点说明】不少试题以考生似曾相识的结构、语境或答案来诱惑他们迅速做出选择，并拒绝对其它备选答案进行认真分析。
【备考提示】重新分析语境，找出试题创新之处，再进行判断。
1. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to______some schools for poor children.
A. set up B. setting up
C. have set up D. being set up
2. The chance he looked forward to______ at last.
A. come B. came
C. coming D. being come
3. His brother hasn't been to
A. so; has B. neither; hasn't
C. nor; hasn't D. but; has
4. —Which side can I sit on the boat?
—If you sit still, you can sit on______.
A. neither side B. every side
C. both sides D. either side
5. —He seems to be a teacher.
—______. He has been a teacher for twenty years.
A. So he did B. So does he
C. So he is D. He is so
6. Not only______hard but also______ kind.
A. does he study; is he
B. does he study; he is
C. he studies; he is
D. he studies; is he
7. —Remember me to your parents.
—I______.
A. do B. will C. can D. have
8. I will do what I can______you with your English.
A. helping B. to help
C. help D. helped
9. The theory he stuck______true.
A. to prove B. to be proved
C. to proved D. to was proved
10. Everyone here will thank the firefighters for the things they have done to prevent fires______the environment safer.
A. make B. to making
C. to make D. from making
【答案与解析】
1. B。题干结构出奇制胜题。不少考生抓住“he had to”并迅速选择A。其实，此时had to 与set up 并不构成搭配，因为he had 为定语从句，修饰先行词all, set up应与devote all... to构成搭配(devote... to... 中to为介词，后接名词/代词或动名词)，即devote all to setting up。
2. B。题干结构出奇制胜题。不少考生一看到he looked forward to立即选择C。其实he looked forward to为定语从句，修饰先行词the chance，to的宾语为the chance，而不是come及其变化形式，因此该题主句为：The chance came at last.
3. D。题干语境出奇制胜题。一读完该句，不少考生立即意识到这是平时多次训练的试题，即“也”字表达法试题，尽管他们似乎也意识到so和neither的句型特点以及neither和nor的肯定与否定特点与前句不太吻合，但他们还是毅然选择A或B、C。显然，考生做出的种种错误选择皆因受思维定势影响。其实该题已有了新的语境，即他的兄弟没去过北京，但她的兄弟却去过了。
4. D。题干语境出奇制胜题。读完该题，考生们便知该句语境为：——我可以坐在船的哪一边？——如果你坐着不动，你两边都可以坐。于是他们立即选择C。其实一个人不能同时坐在船的两边。
5. C。题干特定词汇出奇制胜题。答案应为C，其is与原句中的“to be”正好吻合。
6. B。题干特定词汇出奇制胜题。不少考生一看到Not only放在句首就立即选A来构成倒装句型。当然，Not only放在句首绝大多数情况下是应构成倒装句型，但应有两个条件：not only... but also...后接主语不倒装；not only...but also...连接两个分句时，前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装。本题属于第二种情况。
7. B。题干特定词汇出奇制胜题。考生可能会受Remember动词原形形式的影响而误选A。其实前句为祈使句表一般将来时，所以应选B。
8. B。题干特定词汇出奇制胜题。考生可能一看到can便选动词原形help，其实该空作目的状语，所以应选B。
9. C。答案出奇制胜题。不少考生首先排除C，因为他们认为若to为介词，C应改为to proving；若to为不定式符号，C应改为to prove，所以最后只能做出错误选择。其实这儿的to proved并不是搭配关系，he stuck to 应为定语从句修饰先行词the theory，所以主句为：The theory proved true. (prove含义为“结果证明是”，不用于被动语态)
10. C。答案出奇制胜题。考生可能会误选D，认为该题考查短语prevent...from doing sth.，其实分析语境可知该空作目的状语，所以应选C。
五、标准对照时间分析法巧解标准对照时间设置题
【考点说明】不少单项填空题考查时态时设置隐性标准对照时间（这种标准对照时间为特定时态成立的依据）来考查考生分析、比较、鉴别特定时态的能力。
【备考提示】认真阅读分析试题，寻找标准对照时间，确定特定时态。
1. Is it said that he will come______?
A. in a week B. after a week
C. for a week D. a week after
2. Doesn't it seem that he lived in Beijing ______？
A. three years before
B. three years ago
C. three years ahead
D. three years earlier
3. It seemed that he would come______.
A. next week B. the next week
C. followed week D. following week
4. He______a book, and now he needs a holiday.
A. has written B. had written
C. had been writing
D. is writing
5. —I saw the film last Friday.
—Did you? I______it yet.
A. hadn't seen B. haven't seen
C. didn't see D. don't see
【答案与解析】
1. A。标准对照时间设置题。Is it体现标准对照时间点为现在，因此该空表距现在一周后，应填in a week。 after a week表距过去某一时刻一周后，不合题意。
2. B。标准对照时间设置题。Doesn't it seem体现标准对照时间点为现在，因此该空表距现在三年前，应填three years ago。three years before表距过去某一时刻三年前，不合题意。
3. B。标准对照时间设置题。seemed 和 would体现标准对照时间点为过去，因此该空应表过去某一时刻的下一周，应填the next week。表现在的下一周，应用next week。next year与the next year, next month与the next month的区别与next week和the next week相同。
4. A。标准对照时间设置题。now和needs体现标准对照时间点为现在，该空表从过去某一时刻开始写书一直写到现在才停止，因此应用现在完成时态。
5. B。标准对照时间设置题。该题题干为直接引语，标准对照时间点为现在。该题句意为：——我上周五看了这场电影。——是吗？我（到现在为止）还没有看呢。因此该句应用现在完成时，不能因saw与Did使用过去时而误认为标准对照时间点为过去。
六、假设法巧解时态创新题
【考点说明】不少时态题没有时间状语或者时间状语抽象朦胧，空泛枯燥，解题者感到没有解题依据，找不到解题突破口。
【备考提示】利用假设法化抽象为具体，化枯燥为生动，从而巧解特定时态题。
1. —Have you moved into the new house?
—Not yet. The rooms______.
A. were being painted
B. are painting
C. are painted
D. are being painted
2. There was a time when he ______ English fluently.
A. used to speak B. is speaking
C. had spoken
D. would have spoken
3. I still don't know what______while I was away from home.
A. is happening B. was happened
C. has happened D. happened
4. I was hungry for I______nothing all day.
A. ate B. had eaten
C. am eating D. have eaten
【答案与解析】
1. D。抽象时间状语时态题。根据“Have”的时态形式，我们可将时间状语假设为“现在”。该句含义为：——你搬进了新房吗？——没有，因为新房正在被油漆。显然，该句应用现在进行时态。
2. A。抽象时间状语时态题。由“was”的时态形式可知，讲英语的动作发生在过去，我们可将这个时间假设为去年。显然，去年讲英语很流利应用一般过去时态。
3. D。抽象时间状语时态题。该句时间状语“while I was away from home”较为抽象，解题者仍不能了解该空动作发生在什么时间。结合语境可以假设我不在家的时间为上周日，这样语境就变为我不知道上周日发生了什么事。显然，应用一般过去时态。
4. B。抽象时间状语时态题。该句无明确时间状语，又为否定式语境，显得比较抽象，若将语境改为：我肚子饱了，因为我已吃了不少东西，完成时的时态特点就非常明确，而“was”暗示着标准对照时间点为过去，所以该题应用过去完成时态。
七、对称结构分析法巧解对称结构题
【考点说明】不少单项填空题设置对称结构，考查解题者运用对称和谐、平衡协调句子结构的能力。
【备考提示】寻找对称结构标志，巧解对称结构试题。
1. To know what is good and______are two different things.
A. doing what is right
B. does what is right
C. to do what is right
D. did what was right
2. The Foreign Minister walked onto the platform, seated himself in a chair and ______for answering questions.
A. had prepared B. being prepared
C. prepared D. preparing
3. He told me he would come and______ me.
A. see B. saw
C. to see D. seeing
4. I have spent a lot more time studying English than Li Ping______.
A. have B. has C. does D. did
5. I have come here not to teach you but ______from you.
A. learn B. to learn
C. learning D. learned
6. Your heart is not made of blood and flesh but______iron and steel.
A. make of B. making of
C. of D. from
【答案与解析】
1. C。对称结构题。根据and的对称性原则，该空应填不定式短语to do what is right，与and 前面的To know what is good对称。
2. C。对称结构题。根据and的对称性原则，and前后动词形式应相同，所以该空应填过去式prepared。
3. A。对称结构题。根据and的对称性原则，该空应填see，与and前面的come动词形式一致。
4. B。对称结构题。than具有对称性，前后应使用相同时态，所以该题应用现在完成时。
5. B。对称结构题。not... but...具有对称性，要求前后采用相同结构，所以该空应填to learn，与but 前面的to teach一致。
6. C。对称结构题。not... but...具有对称性， 所以该空应填of (of前省略made)与前面的of一致。
八、标点符号分析法
【考点说明】有些单项填空题为增加难度，还借助标点符号来考查考生分析问题和解决问题的能力。
【备考提示】抓住特定场合、特定标点符号的特殊意义，分析语境实际需要，从而成功解题。
1. ______he had at the zoo yesterday!
A. Such a wonderful time
B. So wonderful a time
C. What a wonderful time
D. So wonderful time
2. She killed her husband, ______ surprised me.
A. that B. which C. this D. what
3. I would like to go with you, ______, I am busy.
A. therefore B. while
C. however D. instead
4. He will not waste any time, of course, I won't, ______.
A. too B. also
C. neither D. either
5. It is said that a 10,000- ______-long bridge will be built over this river.
A. meters B. meter
C. meter's D. meters'
6. ______,
A. It is well-known
B. As is known to all
C. We all know
D. That is known to all
7. I have a cold. It's nothing serious, ______.
A. but B. yet C. though D. while
8. Your sister has been to
A. yet B. too
C. either D. neither
【答案与解析】
1. C。标点符号特色题。由句末感叹号可知，该题考查感叹句用法，应由What或How引导感叹句。因a wonderful time为名词性短语，所以应选C。
2. B。标点符号特色题。分析语境含义和句子成分结合空格前面的逗号可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，其先行词为整个句子并在从句中作主语，因此应填which（that不可用于非限制性定语从句中）。
3. C。标点符号特色题。析语境可知，该空表转折，由该空前后均有逗号可知，该空应填however。
4. D。标点符号特色题。either常用于否定句表示“也”，此时常位于句末，并常有逗号与其它内容隔开，由此不难发现本题应选D。
5. B。标点符号特色题。由空格前后连字符号可知，本题考查复合形容词用法, 复合形容词中的名词应用单数。
6. B。标点符号特色题。表“众所周知”时，It is well-known后应接that从句，As is known to all后应用逗号。分析各备选答案标点符号使用情况不难发现，答案应为B。
7. C。标点符号特色题。though除作连词外也可用作副词，表“于是、不过、然而”，此时常位于句末，前面有逗号与其它内容隔开。分析语境含义及标点符号使用情况不难发现，本题答案应为C。
8. B。标点符号特色题。too用于肯定句表示“也”，此时常位于句末，前面常有逗号与其它内容隔开。分析本题语境逻辑及标点符号使用情况不难发现，答案应为B。
九、找标法巧解标志性语言知识题
【考点说明】特定的语言知识有特定的句型和句子结构，单项填空题考查特定句型时并不回避这些标志性句子结构，以考查解题者分析句子结构识别特定句型的能力。
【备考提示】寻找特定语言知识标志，巧解标志性语言知识题。
1. —How long______here?
—Since the end of last year.
A. have you lived B. had you lived
C. do you live D. did you live
2. By the time he was fourteen he______ up a small chemistry lab of his own.
A. set B. has set
C. had set D. sets
3. I'm sure. I______for the coming exam so far.
A. had prepared B. have prepared
C. am preparing D. prepare
4. Hardly______to the airport when the plane took off.
A. had he got B. did he get
C. has he got D. got he
5. In front of the high mountain______two high buildings.
A. is lying B. standing
C. stand D. stands
6. Not a single man______in the room.
A. there was B. was there
C. we found D. we saw
7. Never______received college education in the history.
A. so many women have
B. so have many women
C. have so many women
D. many women have so
8. Only in this way______English well.
A. can you learn B. you can learn
C. learn you can D. learn can you
9. If I had been in better health, I ______ with you.
A. would go B. should go
C. could go D. would have gone
10. I wish I______as young as you.
A. be B. were
C. am D. have been
11. My suggestion was that the meeting
______off till next week.
A. to put B. be put
C. should D. be putting
12. E-mail, as well as telephones, ______
an important part in daily communica?鄄
tion.
A. is playing B. have played
C. are playing D. play
13. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ______tired of having one examination after another.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
14. It was because he was busy______he didn't come to see me.
A. that B. why C. what D. since
【答案与解析】
1. A。标志性语言知识题。Since the end of last year表明从去年年底到现在我一直住在这儿，为现在完成时态标志。
2. C。标志性语言知识题。By the time he was fourteen表明，到他14岁时他已经建成了一个属于他自己的化学实验室，为过去完成时态标志。
3. B。标志性语言知识题。so far表明到目前为止我对即将到来的考试已经做好了准备，为现在完成时态标志。
4. A。标志性语言知识题。hardly．．．when．．．句型表明到达飞机场的动作在飞机起飞之前发生，为过去完成时态标志。
5. C。标志性语言知识题。in front of等地点状语放在句首且主语又是名词时，为完全倒装句型标志。
6. B。标志性语言知识题。“Not a + 单数可数名词”放在句首时为不完全倒装句型标志。
7. C。标志性语言知识题。当often, seldom, never, many a time等表时间的频度副词放在句首时为不完全倒装句型标志。
8. A。标志性语言知识题。only放在句首不修饰主语而修饰介词、副词、时间状语从句和原因状语从句时为不完全倒装句型标志。
9. D。标志性语言知识题。从句动词形式为虚拟语气标志。该句表示对过去情况的假设，主句动词形式应用would/could/should/might have done。
10. B。标志性语言知识题。wish为虚拟语气标志。该句表现在的主观愿望，应用过去式。从句主语为I时，过去式一律用were。
11. B。标志性语言知识题。suggestion为虚拟语气标志，从句动词形式为(should) do。
12. A。标志性语言知识题。主语部分有with, together with, along with, as well as, such as, for example, for instance, but, except等短语时，谓语动词要与前面的主语一致。
13. B。标志性语言知识题。...or..., either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词遵循与谓语动词靠近的主语一致的原则。
14. A。标志性语言知识题。It is/was...that 在很多情况下为强调句型标志，分析语境、逻辑及句子结构不难发现本题正是考查强调句型。
十、成分分析法巧解复杂题干题
【考点说明】不少试题题干较长，结构复杂。
【备考提示】分析句子成分可以化简句子结构，从而准确解题。
1. If the building project______by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.
A. to be completed B. is completed
C. being completed D. completed
2. What a GREat weight the mother felt______her mind the moment she found her lost son!
A. taking off B. taken off
C. was taken off D. take off
3. You can hardly imagine the difficulty she has______enough evidence to prove the case.
A. collected B. to collect
C. collecting D. to have collected
4. The performance of the host, ______to please the audience and draw their attention, was GREeted with a cold silence, however.
A. had intended B. intended
C. intending D. to intend
【答案与解析】
1. A。复杂题干题。分析语境含义及句子成分可知，该句为条件状语从句，从句主语为the building project, 谓语为is delayed，所以该空格处应为非谓语成分作定语，应填to be completed，表未来动作。
2. B。复杂题干题。分析句子成分可知，a GREat weight作felt的宾语，taken off作宾语补足语。该题实际考查句子：The mother felt a great weight taken off her mind. 将该句改为感叹句可得本题题干。
3. C。复杂题干题。分析句子成分可知，the difficulty作has宾语，构成has difficulty (in) doing sth.短语。
4. B。复杂题干题。分析句子成分可知，该句主语为The performance of the host，谓语为was GREeted with a cold silence，由此可见该空格处应为非谓语动词，应填intended (来自于be intended to) 作后置定语。
