CET-4 "说明利弊型"论说文的写作技巧与真题透视

在如今的CET-4考试中，论说文越来越受青睐，作文命题越来越注重考生的思辩能力，考生不仅要会推理论证、谈经论道，还要明确表达自己的观点与看法，所以考生应对论说文这种体裁给予特别的重视。写论说文的方法有好几种，如说明利弊型、对立观点型、阐述主题型与问题解决型等等，今天我们要探讨的就是“说明利弊型”论说文。

一、何谓“说明利弊型”论说文？

顾名思义，“说明利弊型”论说文就是针对某一事物或现象从正反两方面分析它的优缺点，然后说明自己的看法。通俗地说，就像我们评价一个人，先罗列了他的许多优点，然后再说他的缺点，最后表达自己对此人的看法。以下几道题都是“说明利弊型”论说文：

CET-4 1992年6月考题：

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline below:

1.运动的积极因素

2.运动的消极因素

3.我的体会

CET-4 1996年1月考题：

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Two-day Weekend. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline below: 

1. 双休日给我们大学生带来的好处

2. 双休日可能产生的问题

3. 我应当怎样过双休日

二、“说明利弊型”论说文的写作步骤：

描述某一事物或现象→说明其优点→说明其缺点→ 我的看法

三、“说明利弊型”论说文的写作要领：

1. 在说明优点或缺点时，切忌零乱。可使用一些过渡词，如：first... second... finally... 等等。

2.在说明自己的看法时，要给出相应的理由或提出更好的办法。

四、“说明利弊型”论说文的常用句式：

1. 说明事物优点的常用句式：

①There are several advantages in/ of... The first/ biggest advantage is that...

②...has a positive impact/ influence /effect on people’s lives.

③...is playing an increasingly important role in people’s lives.

④Nothing /Few things can equal/match with... in terms of...

2. 说明事物缺点的常用句式：

①However,..., just like anything else, has its negative side as well.

②However, it still has some drawbacks.

③However, it’s often blamed for its obvious defects.

④Of course, the disadvantages can not be ignored.

3. 表明事物利大于弊的常用句式：

①But for me, I think what is more important is its positive side.

②Anyway, I still believe ... has more advantages than disadvantages.

③As to me, I think the advantages outweigh /carry more weight than the disadvantages.

五、真题作文答案样本：

CET-4 1992年6月：    

Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports

    Sports are conductive to health. First, they stimulate blood circulation. As a Chinese saying goes, “Running water is never stale and a door-hinge never gets worm-eaten”. Blood circulation can prevent disease. Besides, sports help digestion. If one often takes exercise, he will not suffer dyspepsia. Most important of all, sports make one energetic. One who takes exercise everyday is always full of vigor and will never be languid.

    However, there are also disadvantages for taking exercise. First, if one takes exercise in the morning, he will sweat but he will have to go to work with wet underwear in a hurry, which is harmful to health. Besides, it is also time-consuming to take exercise. If one takes exercise at regular intervals, he can keep fit but most probably he will lag behind in other fields. Worst of all, if one takes exercise without taking in enough nutrition, his health will run down for malnutrition, which is just the opposite to what he wishes.

    Admittedly, I found it beneficial to health to take exercise. However, I seldom take exercise because I am too busy with my study and I cannot afford the time to take a bath after taking exercise.   

    CET-4 1996年1月：

Two-day Weekend

    Generally speaking, two-day weekends are not only a time for us college students to relax ourselves, but also a time to improve ourselves. To have a good rest after a week’s hard work, we have plenty of recreation opportunities. We can read books, go sightseeing, and play games with our friends. Some students find part-time jobs on weekends so that they can ease their families’ financial burdens and know more about the society.

    However, some students are just wasting their time on weekends. Some spend their time playing cards overnight, playing PC games, even drinking a lot with their friends. Some spend the whole weekend going traveling and feel tired when they return so that their studies will be GREatly affected.

    As a student, I think the first thing we should do is study. Spending two or three hours in going over lessons every weekend will give me GREat rewards. After finishing my homework, I can do many other things, such as mountain climbing, watching films and skating. Of course, I’ll also have a good rest to refresh myself and get well prepared for next week’s study. In short, by planning well we can achieve a lot on weekends. Otherwise, we’ll go nowhere.