同/近义词辨异类试题在大学英语考试中词汇部分占有较大的比例，是考生感到头痛的题型之一。为了让考生更好地了解此类试题，掌握解题技巧，提高解题的准确度，本文拟介绍此类试题的命题特点及解题方法，仅供参考。
1. 命题特点
1.1 备选项中设计2—4个同/近义词，以起到干扰作用，答案为同/近义词之一。
1) They stood gazing at the happy________of children playing in the park.
A) perspective B) view
C) landscape D) scene
本题四个选项都与“场景”有关,但各有其特指的意义。scene意为“景象”， 尤指“部分景色或某一舞台场面或片断”，可指“孩子们在公园玩耍的场面、情景”。故为本题答案。其他词不表此意，但具有很大的干扰性。
2) We managed to reach the top of the mountain, and half an hour later we began to________.
A) ascend B) descend
C) decline D) plunge
本题中后三项为同/近义词，都有“下降”的意思。但descend有“下山”之意，故为本题答案。另外两项起干扰作用。
3) The soldier was of running away when the enemy attacked.
A) scolded B) charged
C) accused D) punished
本题B）和C）两项为同义词，意为“指控，控告”，按搭配原则，accuse sb. of doing sth.意为“指控（某人）做（某事）”; charge sb. with sth./doing sth.意为“控诉（某人）做（某事）”，故Ｃ）项为正确答案。
1.2备选项中设计3个同/近义词作为干扰项，答案为“被干扰”项，即非同义或近义词为答案。
1) The manager spoke highly of such________as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his employees.
A) virtues B) features
C) properties D) characteristics
本题B）、C）和D）三个选项为同义词，但答案并非是它们中的一个，而是A）项。这样的同义词选项起到了极大的干扰作用。
2) This is the________piano on which the composer created some of his GREatest works.
A) true B) original C) real D) genuine
本题A）、C）和D）三个选项为同义词，但它们只起干扰作用，真正的答案是B）。
1.3备选项中设计两个同/近义词作为干扰项，答案是其他两个被干扰项之一。
1) In American universities, classes are often arranged in more flexible________and many jobs on campus are reserved for students.
A) scales B) patterns
C) grades D) ranks
本题备选项中C）和D）为同/近义词，答案不在它们之中，而是在A）和B）之中。经分析，pattern有“模式，式样”的意思，合乎题意要求。故本题答案为B）。
2) The statue would be perfect but for a few small________in its base.
A) mistakes B) weaknesses
C) flaws D) errors
本题备选项中A）和D）为同义词，但它们不是答案，正确答案为C）。
1.4利用正确选项的多义性，给出无关意义的项的同/近义词进行干扰。
By________computation, he estimated that the repairs on the house would cost him a thousand dollars.
A) coarse B) rude C) crude D) rough
本题四个备选项均含有“粗糙的、不精细的”意思，但D）项除了有“粗糙的”意思外，还有“粗略的、大致的、大体的”意思，而后一意思正是题干句所需要的，故D）项为正确答案。
1.5 故意不考虑某一正确选项的固定句型、固定搭配、习惯用法，从意义上予以干扰。
１) He was________to steal the money when he saw it lying on the table.
A) dragged B) tempted
C) elicited D) attracted
本题中be tempted to do sth. 为固定句型，意为“受诱惑而做某种坏事”，符合题意。其他选项不能构成此句型。
２) The patient’s health failed to such an extent that he was put into________care.
A) tense B) rigid C) intensive D) tight
本题C）项形容词intensive与题干中care构成习惯用法，意为“特护治疗”，符合题意。
有关固定句型、固定搭配及习惯用法的实例很多，在此就不一一例举了。
2． 解题方法
了解了上述命题特点，找到相应的解题方法也就不难了。现选择常用的解题方法扼要介绍如下：
2.1按照题意分析各选项，找出同/近义词之间的差异，弄清每个词可特指什么。
2.2重视备选项中不属同/近义词的选项，它（们）很可能就是答案。
2.3考虑每个备选项是否还有其他不同的意义可用于题干句，不要拘泥于同/近义词的意义。
2.4充分考虑备选项各词汇与题干句中某些词语是否能构成固定句型、固定搭配、习惯用法，以便更加快捷而又准确地解答。
2.5 考生还可能遇到一种现象, 即四个选项在意义上很接近，但并算不上是同/近义词，这就需要考生仔细辨别它们的意义，结合题干句意确定正确的选项。
3. 实践演练
1. The Space Age_______in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the
A) initiated B) originated
C) embarked D) commenced
2. If the world is to remain peaceful the utmost effort must be made by nations to limit local ________.
A) collisions B) combats
C) contradictions D) conflicts
3. It is through learning that the individual ________many habitual ways of reacting to situations.
A) retains B) gains
C) achieves D) acquires
4. As an excellent shooter, Peter practiced aiming at both________targets and moving targets.
A) standing B) stationary
C) still D) stable
5. The________runner can run two miles in fifteen minutes.
A) common B) usual
C) average D) general
6. His body temperature has been________for three days, the highest point reaching 40.5 deGREe centigrade.
A) uncommon B) disordered
C) abnormal D) extraordinary
7. Satellite communications are so up-to-date that even when________in the middle of the Pacific, businessmen can contact their offices as if they were next door.
A) gliding B) cruising
C) piloting D) patrolling
8. A most________argument about who should go and fetch the bread from the kitchen was going on when I came in.
A) trivial B) delicate
C) minor D) miniature
9. His career was not noticeably________by the fact that he had never been to college.
A) prevented B) restrained
C) hindered D) refrained
10. Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a________.
A) scarcity B) minority
C) minimum D) shortage
11. Last year, the crime rate in
A) declined B) lessened
C) descended D) slipped
12. If the fire alarm is sounded, all residents are requested to________in the courtyard.
A) assemble B) converge
C) crowd D) accumulate
13. The work in the office was________by a constant stream of visitors.
A) confused B) hampered
C) reversed D) perplexed
14. The joys of travel, having long________the disabled, are opening up to virtually anyone who has the means.
A) omitted B) missed
C) neglected D) discarded
15. The education ________for the coming year is about $4 billion, which is much more than what people expected.
A) allowance B) reservation
C) budget D) finance
16. They had a fierce________ as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship which was broken years ago.
A) debate B) clash
C) disaGREement D) contest
17. Being somewhat short-sighted, she had the habit of________at people.
A) glancing B) peering
C) gazing D) scanning
18. The morning news says a school bus ________with a train at the junction and a group of policemen were sent there immediately.
A) bumped B) collided
C) crashed D) struck
19. During the nineteen years of his career, France Battiate has won the________of a wide audience outside
A) enjoyment B) appreciation
C) evaluation D) reputation
20. Scientists first________the idea of the atom bomb in the 1930s.
A) imagined B) conceived
C) considered D) acknowledged
参考答案:
1—5 D)D)D)B)C) 6—
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