在英语学习过程中,广泛的阅读有助于扩大词汇量,丰富语言知识,了解英语国家的社会文化背景,从而全面培养和提高运用英语进行交流的能力。但是,在英语阅读中不可避免地会碰到一些生词,如果一遇到生词就求助于词典,这样势必会影响阅读速度和阅读兴趣,不利于阅读理解能力的提高。因此,根据阅读材料所提供的文字信息,结合中学生应有的常识,正确推断生词或短语的含义,已成为中学生进行英语阅读必备的能力之一。下面就在阅读理解中如何猜测生词的词义谈谈六个方面的技巧,供大家参考。
根据生活常识猜测词义
The heat of sun warms some ocean water.The surface of the water evaporates,forming a cloud of warm,wet air that moves upward.
结合地理学科中云团形成过程的可知,“海水因受太阳光照射蒸发而水气上升形成暖湿云团”。由此可推知“evaporates”意为“蒸发”。
根据例证猜测词义
In your spare time,you may look through any of these periodical:Time Magazine,News Week,or The New Yorker.
从冒号后所举具体例子可以猜出“periodical”意为“期刊;杂志”。
When writing an article,we often use simile,such as“brave as a lion”and“quick like lightning”.
从such as后两个实例可知“simile”是一种写作修辞手段,意为“明喻”。
根据同义词、反义词猜测词义
Their friends laughed at them,and my sisters felt wretched,very unhappy.
由后文同位语“very unhappy”可知“wretched”意为“很不开心的”。
If you aGREe,draw a circle ;and a cross if you dissent.
从句意可知,通过做不同记号(划圈或打叉)来表示不同的态度,可见“dissent”是“aGREe”的反义词,指“不同意”。
根据定义或解释猜测词义
Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.
通过表语部分的解释可知“annealing”是一种把金属加热再慢慢冷却而使其变软的方法,用冶炼术语来讲其意为“退火”。
Today was a very hectic day for me.I woke up late, hurried to the office,worked until four,went to the store, cooked dinner and washed clothes.I'm certainly very tired.
第二个句子中六个动词对前文“a very hectic day”作了具体解释说明,同时也是后文“我的确很累”的原因,结合全句句意可推断“hectic”意为“繁忙的”。
根据上下文逻辑关系猜测词义
Everyone aGREed that the woman in the photo was gorgeous.It was easy to see why she had won the beauty contest.
后文的“容易看出她为何在选美比赛中获胜”说明了前文大家认为照片中的妇女“gorgeous”的原因,因此可推断其意为“漂亮的”。
“Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out.It is just unbelievable!”said a teacher from Guangdong Province.
联系上下文可知句中“them”指代上文“Many of the problems”,结合下文“unbelievable”暗示的句意“多数题目都是大学水平,而中小学生也能做出来,真让人难以相信”,可知“figure...out”意为“解决……;算出……”。
根据构词法知识猜测词义
We all aGREed that it was an unanswerable question.
前缀“un-”表示否定,后缀“-able”表示“可……的;能……的”,结合“answer”一词的本义“回答”可知形容词“unanswerable”意为“无法回答的”。
Our government is making efforts to better the life of the villagers.
“better”原为形容词,指“更好的”,在该句中活用为动词,意为“使……更好;改善”。