同学们在学习和运用“复合不定代词、副词”时,常常出现错误。其实,学好这类词并不难,关键是:
一、掌握构成
复合不定代词、副词是由some, any, no,every与thing, one, body, where(副词)构成,但no one例外。例如:something, someone, anyone, anybody, somewhere, nowhere等。
二、明确用法
1.通常情况下,something, somebody,someone, somewhere常用于肯定句;anything, anybody, anyone, anywhere用于否定句和疑问句。但在表示请求、建议、反问等疑问句中,问话者希望得到肯定答复时,常用something, somebody, someone, somewhere。例如:
There is something wrong with your eyes.你的眼睛有毛病了。
Is there anything in that box? 那盒子里有什么东西吗?
Will you ask someone to carry the box for me? 你找人替我扛这箱子好吗?
2. 复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
Everything begins to grow in spring. 春天万物开始生长。
3. 复合不定代词、副词被形容词、动词不定式等修饰时,形容词和动词不定式等应置于不定代词、副词之后。例如:
I have something important to tell you.我有些重要的事情告诉你。
4. 带有no的复合不定代词、副词相当于“not+any的复合不定代词、副词”。例如:
I saw nothing in the room.=I didn't see anything in the room.我在屋子里什么也没看见。
5. 在反意疑问句中,表示人的复合不定代词在陈述句中作主语时,附加疑问句中的主语要用he或they;表示物的复合不定代词在陈述句中作主语时,附加疑问句中的主语要用it。例如:
Everybody enjoyed reading the book, didn't he/they? 每个人都喜欢看这本书,是吗?
Everything goes well, doesn't it?一切顺利,是吗?
三、注意转换
运用复合不定代词、副词时还应注意否定句与肯定句的转换。例如:
There's nobody there. = There isn't anybody there.