5.通过反义词猜测词义
有时,在行文中可能会同时出现某一生词的反义词,此时,我们就可通过这些词来猜测该生词的含义。例如:
(9)Be punctual when you are going to a party.Never be late.
文中punctual一词的含义,可通过上下文间的逻辑关系判定late为其反义词,既而猜出其意为“准时的”。
(10)He is a stupid boy.He isn't bright at all.
通过下文的bright可以猜出stupid意为“迟钝”。
6.通过举例或实例猜测词义
在阅读中,我们经常会在短文中碰到“for example,such as,as...as,e.g.”等用于举例之类的词语,它对我们猜测生词词义也有很大帮助。例如:
(11)There is little furniture in the room.For example,there is no TV set,no fridge,no electric fans.There is even no desk in it.There is only a bed and a chair and piles of books on the floor.
可通过上下文猜出furniture意为“家具”。
有时,还可利用上下文提供的实例来推测词义。例如:
(12)Tom is often voracious.One day he ate as much as three pounds of meat.汤姆经常是狼吞虎咽,有一天他吃了3磅肉。
通过实例可猜出voracious意为“狼吞虎咽的”。
7.根据上下文间的逻辑关系猜测词义
有时,我们还可以通过同类词来猜出生词的(大致)含义。例如:
(13)She brought out a lot of things for us to eat — apples,pears,bananas,grapes,mangoes and some biscuits.
文中的grape,mango,biscuit均为生词,但根据上文“她拿出许多东西给我们吃”以及apple,pear,banana等词,不难猜出这些均为食物,吃的东西。
(14)He is a millionaire.He has a lot of money.Every year he travels to other countries with his family.He even plans a trip into space.
通过上下文,我们不难猜出millionaire意为“a man with a lot of money”。
8.根据常识或已有的生活经历来猜测词义
有时,结合生活常识或自己的生活体验,也可以猜出一些生词的含义。例如:
(15)The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel.
“门很矮”,头肯定是撞到门的“横梁”上。
(16)Gong Li is one of the best actresses in China and Zhang Yimou one of the best directors.
巩俐是著名的女演员,而张艺谋是著名的导演,这些是人人皆知的常识,由此可猜出actress意为“(女)演员”,director意为“导演”。
