[初一] 精讲精炼（十二）翻译（一）

翻译即指将一种语言用另一种语言忠实地表达出来，它既是英语学习的一个途径，也是检测的一种手段。全国中学生英语能力竞赛将采用英译汉的方式考查我们的翻译能力。其考查形式是给出一篇短文，在其中划出一部分句子，要求我们将这些划线部分的句子译成汉语。

做翻译题时最基本的原则便是“忠实、通顺”。“忠实”主要指内容，翻译是在理解了别人用某种语言表达的意思之后，把同样的意思用另一种语言表达出来，其目的是表达别人的意思，而不是自己进行创作。“通顺”指的是语言。原文是通顺易懂的，那么译文也要尽可能做到通顺、易懂。翻译做到了“忠实、通顺”便基本上达到了要求。例如：

将下面短文中的五处划线部分译成英语。

Tom is eight years old．⑴He likes playing but he doesn't like studying．⑵Now Tom is having his English class．But he isn't listening to his teacher．He is looking out of the window and thinking about the football．There are some boys on the playground（操场）．They are play- ing football．There are some big trees，too．⑶Some birds are singing in the trees．

Tom's teacher is an old woman．She is very kind．⑷Now she is asking the students some questions．

“Tom，it's your turn now．”The teacher says，“Do you know the meaning of“I've no idea'？”

⑸Tom doesn't listen to the teacher at all．He stands up and says in a low voice，“I don't know．”

“Oh，Tom，you are very clever．You are right！”the teacher says．“But Tom，who taught you？”

答案：⑴他喜欢玩，但不爱学习。

      ⑵现在汤姆正在上英语课。

      ⑶树上有一些小鸟正在唱歌。

      ⑷现在她在问学生们一些问题。

      ⑸汤姆根本没听老师讲课。