由"it"作形式主语的句子中,真正的主语从句在翻译时应放在合适的位置,否则容易造成本末倒置。
笔者在电子工业出版社出版的《计算机专业英语》上册教材第六课中发现这样一个句子:It is important to our understanding of these number systems that we know they are related one to another.课后注释中说:"it"是形式主语,that后为主语从句,of these number systems形式上是understanding的定语,但实际上为动宾关系,to our可不译出。译文:理解这些数系是很重要的,因为我们了解它们彼此之间是怎样联系的。
笔者认为,这种翻译是把understanding of these number systems译成了主语,而真正的主语从句又译成了状语从句,显然与原文注释矛盾。其实that引导的主语从句带有一个宾语从句,而to our understanding of...是介词短语作状语,译为"对......",our understanding是动名词复合结构,译为"我们理解这些数系"。整句应译为"我们知道(了解)它们彼此之间是如何联系的,这对我们理解这些数系是很重要的",与原译文恰好相反。
总之,由it作形式主语时,主语从句的翻译可作如下处理。
1. 如果主语从句较短,可提前与主句合并为"是"字结构。如:
It is good news that our team has won the championship.我们队得了冠军是好消息。
2. 如果主语从句较长,不宜与主句合译为"是"字结构,一般可译为并列句子或独立的句子。即先译从句而主句之首加"这"。如:
It is a matter of common experience that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air.物体在水中比在空气中轻,这是大家共有的一种经验。
3. 以"it"作形式主语而主句的谓语是被动语态的句子,一般转译为主动语态,可译为"据"或"有人"、"大家"等,主语从句保留原文语序。如:
It is reported that the meeting will be held in May.据报道,这次会议将在五月举行。
练习:翻译以下句子。
1. It is dangerous that you have a smattering of superficial knowledge on a subject.
2. It therefore becomes more and more important that if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advices.
3. It is said that there are now three times as many factories in that district as in 1970.
答案:
1. 对任何问题一知半解是危险的。
2. 因此,如果要学生好好利用他们上大学的机会,就应该为他们提供大量关于课程方面的更为详尽的信息和更多的指点。这个问题显得越来越重要了。
3. 据说,那个地区的工厂比1970年增加了两倍。 |