1)有些动词不能用于进行时,即使在表示说话时正在进行的动作时,也不能用于进行时。这些动词有like,hate,want,know,believe,guess,mean,remember,forget,hear,see,sound,seem等。例如:
He likes the song very much.(不能说:I am liking to sing very much.)
Now I want to wait for her.(不能说:Now I am wanting to wait for her.)
有些表示身体感觉的动词,如hurt,ache,feel等,用一般现在时和进行时没有多大区别。例如:
My feet ache.(or:My feet are aching.)
一般现在时与always等连用时仅说明事实,不带感情色彩;而现在进行时与always等连用时带有感情色彩。试比较:
She always sings popular songs.她经常唱流行歌曲。(无感情色彩)
She is always singing popular songs.她老是唱流行歌曲。(表示厌烦)
2)一般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较:
一般过去时 | 现在完成时 | |
特征 | 1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内发生的动作或情况,与其他时间没有牵连; 2.它所表示的动作或情况纯属过去,与现在情况没有联系。 |
1.所表示的动作或情况发生在过去的某一时刻或某一时间,但不能和明确表示过去的时间状语连用; 2.它所表示的动作或情况与现在有关系,强调过去的事情对现在产生的结果或对现在的影响。 |
时间状语 | yesterday in 1980 last autumn just now a moment ago,etc. |
already, yet, sometimes, always, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never, etc. this morning, today, this week, this year, etc.' for two days, since 1920,in the past (last) years, etc. |
举例对比 | 1.He saw the new film yesterday.他昨天看的这部新电影。(这是他昨天的动作,和现在没有关系) 2.I was ill for a week.我病了一周。(过去病了一周,现在好了) |
1.He has already seen the new film.他已经看过这部电影了。(这是他现在以前完成的的动作,他现在不需要再看了。) 2.I have been ill for a week.我已经病了一周了。(现在还在生病) |
[注](1)有些时间状语,如this morning,tonight,this term,this month等,既可以用于一般过去时,也可以用于现在完成时,但所表示的意义有所不同。用于现在完成时表示包括“现在”在内,而用于一般过去时则与“现在”无关。例如:
I have finished my homework this morning.(讲话时仍然是上午)
I finished my homework this morning.(讲话时已是下午或晚上)
(2)有些动词只能表示瞬间动作,如:come,go,leave,die,join,ar-rive,buy,sell,start,fall,hear,等等。由于它们表示的动作不能延续,若用于现在完成时就不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如:
误:He left for Beijing for two days.
误:He has left for Beijing for two days.
正:He left for Beijing two days ago.
正:He has been away to Beijing for two days.
正:It is two days since he left for Beijing.
3)一般过去时与过去完成时的用法比较:
一般过去时 | 过去完成时 | |
特征 | 1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内发生的动作或情况,与其他时间没有牵连; 2.动作只和过去的某一时间有关系,不和这一时间以前的时间有关系。 |
1.表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或呈现的状态; 2.表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态,这一动作一直持续到过去这一时刻或将继续下去; 3.以上两点简言之为“过去的过去” |
举例对比 | 1.At the end of last year, we built many houses. 2.He told me that they started at six in the morning. |
1.By the end of last year, we had built many houses. 2.He told me that they had started already. |
[注](1)在带有after或before引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,由于从句的动作和主语的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,所以可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。例如:
After I had had breakfast,I went to school.=After I had breakfast,I went to school.
The bus had left before I got to the bus stop.=The bus left before I got to the bus stop.
(2)对于若干个连续的动作,动作的顺序十分清楚,无需再用过去完成时。例如:
He stood up,put on his cap and went out of the office.