动名词是一种非谓语动词形式,是近几年的高考热点之一,常设考点如下:
1.动名词作主语
例:—What do you think made Mary so upset?
—____ her new bicycle.(1997上海)
A.As she lost B.Lost C.Losing D.Because of losing
解析:答案C。Losing在此为动名词,与her new bicycle构成动名词短语在句中作主语。该题可以理解为:Losing her new bicycle made Mary so upset.
2.动名词作宾语
1)有些动词后只接动名词作宾语。这类动词常见的有:admit,advise,avoid,delay,mind,suggest,enjoy,practise,imagine,等等。
例:Our monitor suggested ____ a discussion of this subject.(MET85)
A.to have B.should have C.have D.having(答案D)
2)有些动词和动词词组既可接不定式也可接动名词作宾语,但意思不同。这类动词及动词词组常见的有:stop,forget,remember,try,mean,goon,等等。
例:—You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
—Well,now I reGREt ____ that.(NMET95)
A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done
解析:答案C、D。本句意为:我现在后悔在会上提出了反对意见。表示对已经发生的事情“后悔”应用reGREt doing /having done /to have done结构。对即将发生的事情表示“遗憾”则用regret to do。
3)动名词充当介词的宾语,常用在含有某些介词构成的短语动词之后,这类常见的短语动词有:insist on,think of, feel like,set about,be fond of,look forward to, pay attention to,get usedto,devote...to,等等。
例:She looks forward every spring to ____ the flower-lined garden.(1995上海)
A.visit B.paying a visit C.walk in D.walking in
解析:答案D。look forward to doing sth.是固定用法,故排除A、C项。B项在visit后加to才正确,所以应排除。
4)动名词在need,want,require,be worth后接宾语,常以主动形式来表示被动意义。
例:—What do you think of the book?
—Oh,excellent.It's worth ____ a second time.
A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read(答案C)
3.动名词的时态和语态
动名词有一般式和完成式。它的一般式所表示的动作或是与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生,或是在句中谓语动词动作之后发生;而它的完成式所表示的动作则一般发生在句中谓语动词动作之前。
例1:While shopping,people sometimes can't help ____ into buying something they don't really need.(1996上海)
A.to persuade B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded
解析:答案C。根据句意,can't help是“抑制不住”、“情不自禁”的意思。其后应接动名词作宾语。在此句中, people与persuade之间是动宾关系,所以应用动名词的被动式。
例2:Tony was very unhappy for ____ to the party.(2000上海)
A.having not been invited B.not having invited
C.having not invited D.not having been invited
解析:答案D。动名词的否定式作介词的宾语。由于 Tony未被邀请在先,不高兴在后,所以采用了完成式的形式。
4.动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构在句中作宾语时,名词可用普通格代替所有格,代词可用宾格形式代替形容词性物主代词。
例:What worried the child most was ____ to visit his mother in the hospital.(1998上海)
A.his not allowing B.his not being allowed
C.his being not allowed D.having not been allowed
解析:答案B。动名词复合结构的否定式应把否定词not放在物主代词之后、动名词之前。child和allow之间为动宾关系,所以就用其被动式。