一般来说,现在分词含有主动的意思,过去分词含有被动的意思;现在分词表示动作在进行,过去分词表示动作已经完成。
1.在when, while, if 等引导的状语从句中,当主语与主句主语一致时,状语从句的主语常常省略,这时要注意状语从句中的谓语动词应用现在分词还是过去分词。试比较:
________with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
A)When compared C)While comparing B)Compare D)Comparing
和整个地球的大小相比,地球上最高的山看起来一点也不高。(B4,1990.1-47 A对。相当于when it is compared with the size of the whole earth,...)
While__________the sun,the satellite has sent more than four bil-lion bits of information back to earth.
A) having orbited C) having been orbited
B) being orbited D) orbiting
卫星围绕太阳转,已向地球发回四十亿多条信息。(B4, 1994.1-50,D对。相当于While the satellite orbits the sun,...)
Michael used to look hurt and surprised when__________.
A) scolding B) to scold C) having scolded D) scolded
迈克尔过去受到责难时,看起来伤心并且惊讶。(B4, 1995. 1-58, D对。相当于...when he was scolded。)
No matter how frequently__________, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A) performing B) performed
C) to be performed D) being performed
(B4, 1995.6-43, B对)贝多芬的作品不管多么频繁地演奏,总是能吸引大批听众。
2.注意现在分词与过去分词(短语)作定语时的区别,分词与to不定式作定语时的区别:
He cannot tell the difference between true(A) praise and flattering(B) statements making(C) only to gain(D) his favor. (2000年全国大学生英语竞赛初赛题) C错,应改为made。他分不清哪些是真正的赞扬,哪些是为讨他喜欢而作出来的奉承。
Homework_________on time will lead to better grades.
A) done B) be done
C) having done D) to have been done
按时完成作业会让你取得好成绩。(B4,1995.1-44, A对)
As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free , tax-supported schools must be established in every town_________50 households or more.
A) having B) to have C) to have had D) having had
早在1647年,俄亥俄州就作出决定,拥有50户或50户以上家庭的每一个镇,都必须建立免费的由税维持的学校。(B4, 1998.1-36, A对。in every town having 50 households or more 相当于 in every town which has 50 households or more)
Whenever we heard of(A) a natural disaster, even(B) in a distant part of the world, we feel sympathy(C) for the people to have affected(D).(1995年考研,第16题) D错,应改为affected。这里affected 是过去分词作后置定语修饰people。每当我们得知发生了自然灾害,不管它是发生在世界的某个遥远的地方,我们都会同情受灾的人。
3.注意现在分词与过去分词作状语时的区别:
________lunch, the committee members discussed the problem.
A) Serving lunch B) Having served
C) Being served D) Having been served
(1999年全国大学生英语竞赛初赛题) D对。委员会成员吃完饭后讨论了这个问题。
__________the earth to be flat, many feared that Clumbus would fall off the edge of the earth.
A) Having believed B) Believing
C) Believed D) Being believed
许多人认为地球是扁的,因此害怕哥伦布会掉下地球的边缘。(B4,1996.6-22, B对。相当于:As many believed the earth to be flat, they feared that...)
Seen from the moon, our earth looks like a big bright disk. 从月球上看地球,地球就像是一只发光的大圆盘。(相当于:When our earth is seen from the moon,...)