全国中学生英语能力竞赛的阅读理解试题采用四选一、完成句子、回答问题等多种题型,短文均选自原版文章,内容贴近现实生活。本部分测试考生直接运用英语的能力。在不超出英语语言水平的前提下,阅读材料的选取遵循三个原则:
(1)阅读量不少于1000个单词,篇数不少于4篇。
(2)题材多样化,包括日常生活、传说人物、社会、文化、史地、科技、政治、经济等。
(3)题材避免单一化,宜包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。
(一)阅读理解测试的三个层次
研读历届能力竞赛试题和高考试题,可以看出阅读理解试题由表及里、由理解到应用地对考生进行测试。据此可以把阅读理解试题分为三个测试层次:浅层理解、深层理解和实践应用。
1.浅层理解
浅层理解主要测试考生捕捉、理解重要事实和细节的能力,如人名、地名、地点、时间、数量等。有的细节可以在材料中直接找到,有的却要经过转换、综合才能确认答案。在近年高考试题中,这类试题通常占阅读理解试题总量的30%左右。常见题型有:
(1)判定细节题
这种试题主要测试考生快速、准确获得信息的能力。
(2)特定细节题
这种试题主要测试考生快速、准确获得特定细节的能力。
【范例选析】
New York， 10 November —5：27 p.m.， yesterday. Biggest power
failure in the city’s history.
*Thousands of people got stuck in lifts. Martin Saltzman spent three hours between the 21st and 22nd floors of the Empire State Building. "There were twelve of us. But no one panicked. We passed the time telling stories and playing word games. One man wanted to smoke but we didn’t let him. Firemen finally got us out.”
*“It was the best night we’ve ever had，” said Angela Carraro， who runs an Italian restaurant on 42nd Street. “We had lots of candles on the tables and the waiters were carrying candles on their trays. The place was full—and all night， in fact， for after we had closed， we let the people stay on and spend the night here.”
*The zoos had their problems like everyone else. Keepers worked through the night. They used blankets to keep flying squirrels and small monkeys warm. While zoos had problems keeping warm， supermarkets had problems keeping cool.“All of our ice cream and frozen foods melted.” Said the manager of a store in downtown Manhattan.“They were worth ＄50，000.”
*The big electric clock in the lobby of the Waldorf—Astoria Hotel in downtown Manhattan started ticking again at 5：25 this morning. It was almost on time.
本文是对New York一次停电事故的新闻报道。新闻报道通常先概述事件的主要内容,然后再细述事件。本文的第一段简述了事件发生的地点,时间和事件的主要内容。接下来以三个具体的事件为代表详细描述了这个事件对人们生活的影响。第五段说明了电力恢复的时间。文后的三道试题均为细节理解题。
1.Throughout the period of darkness， Martin Saltzman and the eleven
others were .
A. nervous B. excited C. calm D. frightened
本题是针对第二段设计的,由被困在电梯中的人对当时情景的描述可确定C为最佳答案。
2.In what way was the night of November 9 the best night for Angela
Carraro?
A.She had a taste of adventure.
B.Burning candles brightened the place.
C.Business was better than usual.
D.Many people stayed the night in her restaurant.
本题是针对第三段设计的,根据店老板的描述可推测出C为最佳答案。
3.How long did the power failure last?
A.Nearly 12 hours. B.More than12 hours.
C.Nearly 24 hours. D.More than 24 hours.
本题问这次停电事故持续的时间:事故发生在5:27p.m.,yes-terday,电力恢复是在5:25 this morning,即差2分钟不到12个小时,A为最佳答案。
(1)阅读量不少于1000个单词,篇数不少于4篇。
(2)题材多样化,包括日常生活、传说人物、社会、文化、史地、科技、政治、经济等。
(3)题材避免单一化,宜包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。
(一)阅读理解测试的三个层次
研读历届能力竞赛试题和高考试题,可以看出阅读理解试题由表及里、由理解到应用地对考生进行测试。据此可以把阅读理解试题分为三个测试层次:浅层理解、深层理解和实践应用。
1.浅层理解
浅层理解主要测试考生捕捉、理解重要事实和细节的能力,如人名、地名、地点、时间、数量等。有的细节可以在材料中直接找到,有的却要经过转换、综合才能确认答案。在近年高考试题中,这类试题通常占阅读理解试题总量的30%左右。常见题型有:
(1)判定细节题
这种试题主要测试考生快速、准确获得信息的能力。
(2)特定细节题
这种试题主要测试考生快速、准确获得特定细节的能力。
【范例选析】
New York， 10 November —5：27 p.m.， yesterday. Biggest power
failure in the city’s history.
*Thousands of people got stuck in lifts. Martin Saltzman spent three hours between the 21st and 22nd floors of the Empire State Building. "There were twelve of us. But no one panicked. We passed the time telling stories and playing word games. One man wanted to smoke but we didn’t let him. Firemen finally got us out.”
*“It was the best night we’ve ever had，” said Angela Carraro， who runs an Italian restaurant on 42nd Street. “We had lots of candles on the tables and the waiters were carrying candles on their trays. The place was full—and all night， in fact， for after we had closed， we let the people stay on and spend the night here.”
*The zoos had their problems like everyone else. Keepers worked through the night. They used blankets to keep flying squirrels and small monkeys warm. While zoos had problems keeping warm， supermarkets had problems keeping cool.“All of our ice cream and frozen foods melted.” Said the manager of a store in downtown Manhattan.“They were worth ＄50，000.”
*The big electric clock in the lobby of the Waldorf—Astoria Hotel in downtown Manhattan started ticking again at 5：25 this morning. It was almost on time.
本文是对New York一次停电事故的新闻报道。新闻报道通常先概述事件的主要内容,然后再细述事件。本文的第一段简述了事件发生的地点,时间和事件的主要内容。接下来以三个具体的事件为代表详细描述了这个事件对人们生活的影响。第五段说明了电力恢复的时间。文后的三道试题均为细节理解题。
1.Throughout the period of darkness， Martin Saltzman and the eleven
others were .
A. nervous B. excited C. calm D. frightened
本题是针对第二段设计的,由被困在电梯中的人对当时情景的描述可确定C为最佳答案。
2.In what way was the night of November 9 the best night for Angela
Carraro?
A.She had a taste of adventure.
B.Burning candles brightened the place.
C.Business was better than usual.
D.Many people stayed the night in her restaurant.
本题是针对第三段设计的,根据店老板的描述可推测出C为最佳答案。
3.How long did the power failure last?
A.Nearly 12 hours. B.More than12 hours.
C.Nearly 24 hours. D.More than 24 hours.
本题问这次停电事故持续的时间:事故发生在5:27p.m.,yes-terday,电力恢复是在5:25 this morning,即差2分钟不到12个小时,A为最佳答案。
