句子是最高一级的语法单位,是由一个或多个分句构成的。只有一个主语和谓语并能表达完整意思的独立句子是简单句(Simple Sentence),两个或两个以上分句通过并列互连便构成并列句(Compound Sentence);如构成句子的各分句间不是一种并列关系,而是一种主从关系,即一个分句是另一个分句的组成部分,这类分句互相结合的结果便构成复合句(Complex Sentence);如两个或两个以上的分句,其中一个带有主从结构并由并列连词连接起来,便构成并列复合句(Compound-complex Sentence)。上面这种对句子的分类法仅是从句子结构方面来分的,除这种分类法外,英语的句子还有许多分类方法,现分述之: 1.根据用途来分: (1)陈述句(Declarative Sentence):叙述一项事实(包括肯定和否定),例如: Mark Twain is a GREat American writer. I have never been to Japan. (2)疑问句(Interrogative Sentence):用来提出疑问的句子。共有四种: 一般疑问句:Are you married? 疑问句:Who is that person over there? 疑问句:Are you going by bus or by train? 疑问句:It is cold, isn't it? (3)祈使句(Imperative Sentence):通常表示一种请求。命令或建议,例如: Be careful. Let it be a lesson to all of us. (4)感叹句(Exclamatory):表示喜。怒。哀。乐等强烈感情的句子,例如: What an interesting book it is? How lovely and lively the child is? |