魔方，Rubik's Cube 又叫魔术方块，也称鲁毕克方块。是匈牙利布达佩斯建筑学院鲁比克教授在1974年发明的。当初他发明魔方，仅仅是作为一种帮助学生增强空间思维能力的教学工具。但要使那些小方块可以随意转动而不散开，不仅是个机械难题，这牵涉到木制的轴心，座和榫头等。直到魔方在手时，他将魔方转了几下后，才发现如何把混乱的颜色方块复原竟是个有趣而且困难的问题。鲁毕克就决心大量生产这种玩具。魔方发明后不久就风靡世界，人们发现这个小方块组成的玩意实在是奥妙无穷。
魔方是一种变化多端的智力玩具。。1974年由匈牙利建筑学教授鲁毕克发明，70年代末80年代初风行于欧美及全世界。
魔方系由富于弹性的硬塑料制成的6面正方体。核心是一个轴，并由26个小正方体组成。包括中心方块6个，固定不动，只一面有颜色。边角方块8个(3面有色)可转动。边缘方块12个(2面有色)亦可转动。玩具在出售时，小立方体的排列使大立方体的每一面都具有相同的颜色。当大立方体的某一面平动旋转时，其相邻的各面单一颜色便被破坏，而组成新图案立方体，再转再变化，形成每一面都由不同颜色的小方块拼成。据专家估计所有可能的图案构成约为4.3×10^19。玩法是将打乱的立方体通过转动尽快恢复成六面成单一颜色。
魔方种类较多，平常说的都是最常见的三阶立方体魔方。其实，也有二阶、四阶、五阶等各种立方体魔方。还有其它的多面体魔方，面也可以是其它多边形。《如五边形十二面体：五魔方，简称五魔，英文名称：Megamix，又称正12面体魔方》《3x4长方体》《3X5长方体》。
三阶立方体魔方由26个小方块和一个三维十字连接轴组成，小方块有6个在面中心，8个在角上，12个在棱上，物理结构非常巧妙。它每个面纵横都分为三层，每层都可自由转动，通过层的转动改变小方块在立方体上的位置，各部分之间存在着制约关系，没有两个小块是完全相同的。立方体各个面上有颜色，同一个面的各个方块的颜色相同，面与面之间颜色都不相同。这种最初状态就是魔方的原始状态。复原魔方就是按照某种规则转动魔方，使其恢复到原始状态。复原魔方要一个好魔方，一双灵巧的手，敏锐的空间想象力和高效实用的转动程序。复原方法有很多种，具体步骤上有很大的差异性，但也有相通之处，最常见的是一层一层地拼好。
原版实际测量下来发现大约 57mm。
如果试着翻阅国外的资料，会发现世界上第一个魔方为二又四分之一英寸（57.15mm）的记载。
虽然现在还能见到它，但其中不少魔方制造商已随着历史发展，经历了重重变革。
在日本，今天你仍能买到 Tsukuda Original 公司的魔方。早期的产品由 Ideal Toy 生产，透明包装的下方有厂家的标志。
而现在则一律为 Seven Towns 的纸包装，盒子比早期的看起来还要显大。2000年的时候开始特别定制的新标志。但那毕竟是匈牙利等欧洲国家的公制，真的准确吗？请不要怀疑任何一组数据。
现在我们手里的“克隆魔方”的尺寸已经相当接近于原版了。大多在55mm至60mm的范围。
也别小看这魔方别看它只有26个小方块，变化可真是不少，魔方总的变化数为43，252，003，274，489，856，000
或者约等于4.3X10^19。如果你一秒可以转3下魔方，不计重复，你也需要转4542亿年，才可以转出魔方所有的变化，这个数字是目前估算宇宙年龄的大约30倍。这可是十分惊人的！
○魔方的起源
正如本条目开头所言，最早的魔方是匈牙利的一位叫rubik的教授于1974年发明的，但是这位教授发明它并不是为了投入生产和娱乐。因为他是建筑学和雕塑学教授，所以他自己动手做出了第一个魔方的雏形来帮助学生们认识空间立方体的组成和结构以及锻炼学生的空间思维能力和记忆力。在他完成第一个作品以后，转动了几下，发现原本齐整的魔方竟然很难恢复，于是他意识到这个新的发明会很不简单。但是他想不到的是，这个边长不到6厘米的玩具竟然会在未来风靡全球，甚至出现了以魔方为道具的运动。 [编辑本段]
○魔方的流行
魔方广为大家喜爱是在80年代。从1980年到1982年总共售出了将近200万只魔方。1981年，一个来自英国的小男孩，帕特里克·波塞特（Patrick Bossert）写了一本名叫《你也能够复原魔方》（ISBN 0140314830）的书，总共售出了将近150万本。由于魔方的巨大商机，鲁比克教授和他的合伙人一同开发了二阶和四阶魔方，这两个产品同样取得了成功。在中国，魔方是80年代最抢手的玩具，如同今天孩子们手中的掌上游戏机一样，成为青少年最喜欢的玩具。但是随着改革开放，越来越多的新奇玩具进入了中国，中国的魔方热潮也在渐渐消退。 [编辑本段]
不过最近几年，中国的非正式魔方社群魔方吧正在努力改变公众对于魔方的看法。魔方不仅仅是小孩子的玩具，更是一种休闲放松的方式，再加上更有刺激和挑战性的竞速、单手、盲拧魔方等玩法，越来越多的人正在重新关注魔方。
基本术语
阶：阶数是指魔方每个边所具有的块数，比如三阶魔方每个边就有3个小块。
复原：指魔方从非原始状态到原始状态的过程。
POP：指在复原中魔方的某些组成部分从魔方上面脱离的情况，如果是出现在比赛中作为无效的复原过程。
DNF：即Did Not Finish指魔方复原者感觉无法在自己满意的时间内完成魔方而弃权的情况，在比赛中可以有一次DNF。
○魔方的构成
三阶魔方由一个连接着六个中心块的中心轴以及结构不一的20个方块构成，当它们连接在一起的时候会形成一个整体，并且任何一面都可水平转动而不影响到其他方块。 [编辑本段]
四阶魔方相对于三阶来说就要复杂的多，它的构成分为两类，一类中心是一个球体，每个外围的小块连接着中心球的滑轨，在运动时候会沿着用力方向在滑轨上滑动。第二类是以轴为核心的四阶魔方，这类魔方的构成非常复杂，除了中心球和外围块外还有很多附加件。作为竞速运动来说第二种构成的四阶魔方运动速度快，不易在高速转动中卡住。
五阶魔方的构成则更甚于四阶魔方。每发明一种新的高阶魔方都要经过很长时间，因为不仅要考虑到项目的可行性，还要考虑如果将魔方作出来后能不能稳定的用于转动。正是由于这个原因，五阶魔方是官方公布的最高阶魔方，其结构也不是一般的爱好者可以想象出来的。
六阶（含）以上的魔方目前还没有官方版本。不过不久前传言说已经有日本人制作出来样品并且发送法国公司尝试生产了。高阶魔方之所以难以制作，因为如果还是按照三阶魔方同比增加和扩大的话，角块在转动中可能会因无支撑物而从空中掉落。以前在网上所看到过的所谓八阶魔方后来证明不过是用普通的三阶拼凑出来的。
○魔方的贴纸
魔方六个面贴纸通常由红，黄，蓝，绿，白，橙六种颜色组成。各个时期和地方的版本贴纸方法会有区别，但基本上是红橙相对，黄白相对，蓝绿相对，其实只要满足了这3条无论怎么随心所欲的贴最后结果就只有两种贴法了。[编辑本段]
如果没有这些限制魔方贴纸一共有多少种贴法呢？答案是30种。因为由于魔方立方体的对称性，不失一般性的，我们贴纸时不妨就指定蓝色为顶面。他的对面就有5种贴法，剩下的4个面组成一个环。这个环的4种颜色去除旋转后相同的情况有3*2种贴法。这是因为，对于这个环，我们也可以不失一般性的就指定4种颜色中的一种颜色做为前面，他的对面有3种贴法，剩下的两面对应2种贴法，所以魔方贴纸的贴法有5*3*2=30种。
魔方有多少种变化？
别看魔方只有26个小块，相对位置能变化的更只有20块，可是它的变化真不少，曾经有公司在卖魔方时做广告说魔方总变化有30亿种，有人评论说，这相当于麦当劳得意的宣布他们已经在全世界卖出了100亿个汉堡包了。
魔方的变化有(8!*3^8*12!*2^12)/(3*2*2)=43,252,003,274,489,856,000，约等于4.3*10^19或者4325亿亿种变化，三阶魔方总变化数的道理是这样：8个角色块全排列8!，而每个角色块又有3种朝向，所以是8!*3^8，12个棱色块全排列每个有2种朝向是12!*2^12，这样相乘就是分子，而分母上3*2*2的意义是，保持其他色块不动，不可以单独改变一个角色块朝向，改变一个棱色块朝向，和单置。
○魔方的血统
其实魔方并不只有一种配色，现在所流行的是最初的版本，事实上也还有其他版本的配色。 [编辑本段]
第一种是由香港生产的最初的配色，最早在80年代就有销售，现在大多数销售的和它不同的是将茶色换成了橙色。
第二种也是香港生产的，是和第一种同一系列的魔方，但是配色稍有不同。
第三种是由美国生产的，配色完全改动，由白对黄，蓝对绿，红对橙。
第四种是由匈牙利原产的，配色接近于美国产的魔方。
○魔方的图案
1.色心 RsUsFsRs'Us2 [编辑本段]
2.彩色十字 (RsFs)3 或者 Rs2Fs2Us2
3.龙 (FaRa)3
4.十二曲桥 (FaRa)3Us2
5.巨介子 BL'D2LDF'D2FD'B'F'RU2R'U'BU2B'UF
6.双环 BRsD'R2DRs'B'R2UB2U'DB2RaU2Ra'B2D' 或者 D'F2DsB2RsU RsB'R2B LsU RaB2U
7.6面U字 L'R2F'L'B'UBLFRU'RLRsFsUsRs
8.蛇 BRsD'R2DRs'B'R2UB2U'DR2D'
9.虫 RUF2D'RsFsD'F'R'F2RU2FR2F'R'U'F'U2FR
10.两座山峰 F U L'B°L F2D'F D F L'D'L F L'D B L U'F'
11.双重介子 BL'D2LDF'D2FD'B'F'RU2R'U'BU2B'UF (R'D2RB'U2B)2
12.十字 D U2F2Ds2Rs2B2Rs2D
13. 连接的T字 U'R'F'U'Rs2 D B R'L2D2B2Ds2B2U'
14. 两个角架 R U'F R'B'D2R'U'BsLsD B L U'R'U'F U'Ls
注：以上表示法均为美国魔方大师辛马斯特的算子表示法：
以英文Up(上)、Down(下)、Front(前)、Back(后)、Left(左)、Right(右)的第一个字母分别来表示魔方的上、下、前、后、左、右六个面，即U(上)、D(下)、F(前)、B(后)、L(左)、R(右)。当旋转魔方的右层时，从右侧看，若按顺时针方向转动90°,则用R表示这一旋转动作,若按反时针方向转动90°,则用R'表示这一旋转动作,若按顺时针方向转动180°,则用R2来表示。另外，将夹层的运动RL'简单记作Rs(表示左右两层同时以右层为基准的顺时针方向转动90°)，并将夹层的运动RL简单记作Ra(即右层顺时针转90°，左层则与之反方向旋转90°)，而(RsFs)3则表示将RsFs的动作重复做3次。
○魔方的玩法
[编辑本段]
普通玩法
这类玩法适合拿魔方当作放松和娱乐的爱好者。他们通常仅仅满足于复原一个魔方，不会追求更高的标准。
竞速玩法
竞速玩法竞速玩法出现的具体的时间已经难以考证。当爱好者们已经能够熟练复原魔方的时候，就开始追求最快的复原。竞速复原有几个要点：使用的方法要最简便，但是随之产生的问题是步骤越少，需要记忆的公式就越多；使用的魔方需要最适合竞速使用，不会卡住或者打滑，所以出现了为魔方专用润滑油；灵巧的双手，因为拥有方法和好的魔方不是最重要的，双手能够熟练的转动魔方才能有最高的效率。
世界上最快的人曾经在7.08秒成功还原了一个魔方（记录创造于Czech Open 2008），记录保持者是来自荷兰的Erik Akkersdijk。
最少步骤还原
最为艰难的玩法，在这种玩法或者比赛中，不能转动魔方，只能用眼睛观察魔方的状态，然后思考出最少的步骤来解决魔方。虽然还没有人能证明出魔方的最大打乱状态（即需要用最多步骤还原的状态）是什么，但是普遍认为经过50步无规则的打乱，3阶魔方就能达到最大状态，此情况下恢复原状需要23步。目前的世界纪录是26步还原，耗时2个半小时。
盲拧
盲拧可以说是每个魔方玩家的梦想。盲拧的定义就是不用眼睛观看魔方（可以记忆），进行复原的过程。计时是从第一眼看到魔方开始的，也就是说记忆魔方的时间也算在总时间内。这种玩法对一个人的记忆力和空间想象力有极大的考验。3阶竞速赛高手Macky也是盲拧的好手，他在去年的世界锦标赛上第一次突破3分钟大关，但是这个纪录随后不久就被美国人Leyan Lo打破。今年的比赛中，他们两个双双超出自己的最好成绩，Lo的成绩为2分36秒，Macky则创造了新的纪录，为2分18秒。而在2007年即将结束之际，来自中国的一位小伙子（陈丹阳）又以1分10秒的成绩打破了这个记录
单拧
即单手转动魔方进行复原，对手指的灵活程度要求很高。因为没有另外一只手的帮助，魔方难以保持平衡，尤其是在高速转动的过程中。目前世界纪录为Macky创造的23秒26。
脚拧
虽然听起来有些不可思议，但是却是有人用脚来复原魔方。目前没有这一项的世界纪录。有记载的最好成绩为2分半钟。
花式拧法
图案有些人不喜欢竞速或者最少步骤还原的玩法，而钟情于创造美丽的图案。事实上这也是相当有难度的，因为要预测每一块的移动并不是很简单。
Rubik's cube, Rubik's Cube called magic box, also known as Lu Ke Bi box. Budapest, Hungary is the School of Architecture in 1974, Professor Lu Bike invented. He invented the original Rubik's Cube, just as a space of thinking to help students enhance the capacity of teaching tool. But for the small box can not spread random rotation, is not only a mechanical problem, which involves wooden axis, and Suntou, and so on. Until the Rubik's Cube in hand, he will turn a few Rubik's Cube after they found out how confusing the color box recovery actually an interesting and difficult questions. Lu Ke Bi determination on the mass production of such toys. Rubik's Cube shortly after the invention of the fashionable world, people find that this small box of the thing is endless mysteries.
Rubik's Cube is a variety of intelligence toys. . 1974 by the Hungarian architecture professor Lu Ke Bi invention, the late 1970s early 1980s, popular in Europe and the United States and the world.
Rubik's Cube by the full flexibility of the rigid plastics made from the six-cube. Is a core axis, and the composition of 26 small cube. Including the Center box six, fixed fixed, there are only one color. Corner box 8 (3-colored) rotation. Edge of the box 12 (2-colored) can rotate. Toys are sold with small cube of order so that each side of the cube have the same color. When a large cube of a fixed-rotation, all of its neighboring single color will be destroyed, and the formation of a new logo cube, then further changes, a different color each side by a small box Pincheng. Experts estimate all possible patterns constitute about 4.3 × 10 ^ 19.玩法is to disrupt the cube through the rotation as early resumption of six-into a single color.
Rubik's Cube type more common that are the most common third-order cube Rubik's Cube. In fact, there are second-and fourth-order, the five bands such as cube Rubik's Cube. There are other polyhedron Rubik's Cube, the surface can also be other polygons. "If the surface of pentagons, 12: five Rubik's Cube, or five demons, the English name: Megamix, also known as the Rubik's Cube is 12-of" "3 x4 cuboid" "3 X5 cuboid."
Third-order cube Rubik's Cube from 26 small box and a 3-D cross-axis connecting components, a small box of six in the centre, eight in the corner, 12 in row, the physical structure is very clever. Every aspect of it is divided into three tiers, each floor are free rotation, rotation changes through the layer of small box in the cube on the location of various parts of relationship exists between the constraints, the two plots is not exactly the same . Cube colors are all surface, all with a face the color of the same box, between the surface and surface colors are not the same. This original state of Rubik's Cube is the original state. Rubik's Cube is a recovery in accordance with the rules of rotating Rubik's Cube, restored to its original state. Rubik's Cube to a good recovery Rubik's Cube, a pair of dexterous hands, keen imagination and efficient space for the rotation process. There are many ways to recover, concrete steps are very different, but there are also things in common, the most common is a good one to fight.
Author found that the actual measurement down about 57mm.
If trying to read the information abroad, will find the world's first Rubik's Cube for two and a quarter-inch (57.15 mm) records.
Although now can see it, but many of them have been with the Rubik's Cube manufacturers of historical development, has undergone numerous changes.
In Japan, today you can still buy the company Tsukuda Original Rubik's Cube. Early products from Ideal Toy Production, transparent packaging manufacturers the bottom of the sign.
And now all of Seven Towns of paper packaging, box than in the early to look GREat. In 2000 when the custom started in particular the new logo. That is, after all, Hungary and other European countries Metric, really accurate? » Please do not suspect that any one set of data.
Now we are in the hands of "cloning Rubik's Cube" already very close to the size of the original. Most of the 55 mm to 60 mm range.
Do not underestimate this Rubik's Cube also Although it only 26 small box, can really change a lot, Rubik's Cube of the total number of changes to 43,252,003,274,489,856,000
Or equivalent to about 4.3 X10 ^ 19. If you can turn a second, under the Rubik's Cube 3, non-duplication, you also need to 4542 million years before it can turn a Rubik's Cube all the changes, this figure is currently estimated age of the universe about 30 times. But this is amazing!
Rubik's Cube, the origin of
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As the beginning of this entry said, the Rubik's Cube is the first in Hungary is a professor at the rubik's 1974 invention, but it is not an invention of the professors in order to put into production and entertainment. Because he is a professor of architecture and sculpture, so his own hands to make the first prototype of a Rubik's Cube to help students understand the cube space composition and structure of space and training students thinking ability and memory. In his first completed work after a few rotation, the full lineup of original Rubik's Cube that was difficult to resume, so he was aware of this new invention will be very simple. But he can not think of is that this side less than 6 cm of toys has swept the world in the future, or even a Rubik's Cube props for the campaign.
, The popular Rubik's Cube
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Rubik's Cube is widely loved you in the 1980s. From 1980 to 1982 sold a total of nearly 2 million Rubik's Cube. 1981, a little boy from the United Kingdom, Patrick Bossert (Patrick Bossert) wrote one called "you can also recover Rubik's Cube" (ISBN 0140314830) of the book, sold a total of nearly 1.5 million. Rubik's Cube because of the tremendous business opportunities, Professor Lu Bike and his partners with the development of the second and Rubik's Revenge, the same two products have been successful. In China, Rubik's Cube is the most in demand in the 1980s toys, children today as the hands of the handheld console, as most young people like toys. But as the reform and opening up, more and more of a novelty toys into China, and China's Rubik's Cube craze has gradually dissipated.
But in recent years, China's informal Rubik's Cube Rubik's Cube community it is working to change the public's view of the Rubik's Cube. Rubik's Cube is not just children's toys, but also a way to relax, coupled with more excitement and challenges of racing, one-handed, blind fastening玩法Rubik's cube, and so, more and more people are concerned about re - Rubik's Cube.
Basic terminology
Order: Order is the number of Rubik's cube with each side of the block a few, such as third-order Rubik's Cube each side has three small pieces.
Recovery: Rubik's Cube that from the non-original state to the original state of the process.
POP: Rubik's Cube that the recovery in some components of the Rubik's Cube from the above, if there is competition in the rehabilitation process as invalid.
DNF: Did Not Finish means that Rubik's Cube who feel unable to recover in their own time to complete satisfaction with the Rubik's Cube and abstain from the situation in the game can have a DNF.
Rubik's Cube, the composition
[Edit this paragraph]
Rubik's Cube by a third-order connected to the central block of six central axis and the different structure of a box of 20, when they are often linked to form a whole, and the level of any side can turn to the other side without affecting Block.
Rubik's Revenge of the Third Order, to the more complex, its composition is divided into two categories Centre is a sphere, each connected to the external small ball glides Center, will be along in time to campaign Forced in the direction of sliding rails. The second category is at the core axis of Rubik's Revenge, such Rubik's Cube of a very complex, in addition to central and peripheral block the ball, there are many additional pieces. As a racing sport, the second of a Rubik's Revenge movement speed, not get stuck in the high-speed rotation.
Professor's Cube is even more of a Rubik's Revenge. Every invention of a new high-end Rubik's Cube to go through a very long time, because not only to consider the feasibility of the project, will have to consider if the Rubik's Cube can be made to stabilize after the rotation for. It is for this reason, the Professor's Cube is the most senior official Rubik's Cube, its structure is not the general lovers can imagine them.
6 bands (with) more than the Rubik's Cube is still no official version. But recent rumors that the Japanese have produced samples and sent the French company tried to production. Rubik's Cube is difficult to produce high-end, because if the Rubik's Cube or third-order in accordance with the same period last year to increase and expand, then block in the rotation angle may be without the support of falling from the air. Before the Internet can see the eight bands of the so-called Rubik's Cube is later proved that the third-order put together by ordinary people.
Rubik's Cube stickers, 2000
[Edit this paragraph]
Rubik's Cube of six stickers typically from red, yellow, blue, GREen, white and orange color of the six components. Various periods and local versions of stickers will be different from methods, but is basically a relatively Hong Cheng, huangbai relative, the blue and green relative, in fact, as long as it met the three no matter how arbitrary the final results posted on only two of the paste.
If there are no such restrictions Rubik's Cube of the number of stickers affixed law? » The answer is 30. Rubik's Cube cube because of the symmetry, yet general, we may wish to specify when the stickers for the top of the blue. He's the opposite has five kinds of stickers, the remaining four surface to form a ring. This ring of four kinds of color after the removal of rotating the same situation 3 * 2 paste method. This is because of this ring, we can also yet to designate a general four kinds of colors in a color as the front of his opposite have three kinds of stickers, the remaining two sides of the corresponding two kinds of stickers, Rubik's Cube stickers affixed by the 5 * 3 * 2 = 30.
Rubik's Cube number of changes »
Although only 26 small Rubik's cube, can change the relative position of only 20 more, but it changes Zhenbu Shao, once a company selling advertising that Rubik's Cube, the Rubik's Cube in a 3 billion kinds, some people commented that this The equivalent of McDonald's proudly announced that they have sold in the world 10 billion a hamburger.
Rubik's Cube of a change (8! * 3 ^ 8 * 12! * 2 ^ 12) / (3 * 2 * 2) = 43252003274489856000, equivalent to about 4.3 * 10 ^ 19 or 127 quadrillion kinds of changes in 4325, the third-order change in the total number of Rubik's cube The reason is this: eight roles with the entire block 8!, And each block has three kinds of role towards, it is 8! * 3 ^ 8, 12 full-color with a collar each have two kinds of direction is 12! * 2 ^ 12, is to multiply such elements, and the denominator, 3 * 2 * 2 is the significance of maintaining other color fixed, can not change a single block towards the role, a change towards the edge color, and single home.
Rubik's Cube, the descent
[Edit this paragraph]
In fact, Rubik's Cube is not only a color, are now popular is the original version, in fact there are other versions of the color.
The first one is from Hong Kong production of the original color, the first sale there in the 1980s, now the majority of sales is different and it will be replaced by a brown orange.
The second is the Hong Kong production, is the same and a series of Rubik's Cube, but slightly different color.
The third is produced by the United States, completely changed color from white to yellow and blue to GREen, red to orange.
The fourth is from the Hungarian origin, color closer to the U.S.-Rubik's Cube.
Rubik's Cube, the logo
[Edit this paragraph]
1. Color center RsUsFsRs'Us2
2. Color Cross (RsFs) 3 or Rs2Fs2Us2
3. Dragon (FaRa) 3
4. Quqiao 12 (FaRa) 3Us2
5. BL'D2LDF'D2FD'B'F'RU2R'U'BU2B'UF giant meson
6. Shuanghuan BRsD'R2DRs'B'R2UB2U'DB2RaU2Ra'B2D 'or D'F2DsB2RsU RsB'R2B LsU RaB2U
7.6 U-word L'R2F'L'B'UBLFRU'RLRsFsUsRs
8. Snakes BRsD'R2DRs'B'R2UB2U'DR2D '
9. Pest RUF2D'RsFsD'F'R'F2RU2FR2F'R'U'F'U2FR
10. Two peaks FU L'B ° L F2D'FDF L'D'L F L'D BL U'F '
11. Double meson BL'D2LDF'D2FD'B'F'RU2R'U'BU2B'UF (R'D2RB'U2B) 2
12. Cruciate D U2F2Ds2Rs2B2Rs2D
13. Connecting the T-U'R'F'U'Rs2 D B R'L2D2B2Ds2B2U '
14. Jiaojia two R U'F R'B'D2R'U'BsLsD BL U'R'U'F U'Ls
Note: The above method are that the U.S. Rubik's Cube master Xinmasite the operator said law:
English Up (on), Down (under), Front (before), Back (after), Left (left), Right (right) were the first letter to the Rubik's Cube that the upper and lower, before and after, left, Right-six, that is, U (on), D (under), F (before), B (after), L (left), R (right). When the rotating Rubik's Cube right layer, from the right, if the clockwise direction of rotation 90 °, R used the rotating action that, if the anti-clock direction of rotation 90 °, used R 'rotation that this action, If the clockwise direction of rotation 180 °, then use R2 to that. In addition, the campaign will sandwich RL 'simple credited to Rs (at the same time that about two to the right-clockwise direction as the base of the rotation 90 °), and dissection of the campaign RL simple recorded as Ra (that is, the right-clockwise turn 90 °, then left with the opposite direction of rotation 90 °), and (RsFs) 3 RsFs said the moves will be repeated three times to do.
Rubik's Cube, the玩法
[Edit this paragraph]
General玩法
Such as a Rubik's Cube with玩法for relaxation and entertainment enthusiasts. They are usually only meet in the recovery of a Rubik's cube, not the pursuit of higher standards.
Racing玩法
Racing玩法racing玩法the specific time has been difficult to verify. When skilled enthusiasts have been able to recover the Rubik's Cube, began the pursuit of the fastest recovery. Racing to recover a few points: the methods used to be the most simple, but the resulting question is, the fewer steps, need to remember the formula more and more use of the Rubik's Cube need the most suitable for racing use, will not get stuck or skidding Therefore, a special lubricants for the Rubik's Cube; dexterous hands, they have good methods and Rubik's Cube is not the most important of all, skilled hands can turn a Rubik's Cube can have the highest efficiency.
The world's fastest people have succeeded in 7.08 seconds restore a Rubik's Cube (recorded in the creation of Czech Open 2008), is the record holder from the Netherlands Erik Akkersdijk.
Steps to restore at least
The most difficult玩法, in which玩法or competition, can not be rotating Rubik's cube, Rubik's Cube can only observe the eyes of the state, then at least thought to the steps to solve the Rubik's Cube. Although no one can prove that Rubik's Cube to disrupt the biggest state (that is, up to the steps needed to restore the status of) what is generally considered that after 50 but no further disrupt the rules of the three bands will be able to achieve the GREatest state of Rubik's cube, the circumstances 23-step rehabilitation needs. The current world record of 26-step reduction, time-consuming two half-hour.
Blind twist
Blind screw can be said that every player's dream Rubik's Cube. Twist the definition of blind eyes to watch Rubik's Cube is not (can remember), a recovery process. Timing is the first thing to see from the beginning of the Rubik's cube, Rubik's Cube memory that is the time count in the total time. This玩法on a person's memory and imagination have GREat room for the test. 3-order racing赛master Macky is also blind fastening the players, he at last year's world championship breakthrough in the first time in three minutes mark, but this record will soon be followed by the Americans Leyan Lo break. This year's contest, they both exceeded their two best results, Lo results for 2 minutes and 36 seconds, Macky is to create a new record of 2 minutes and 18 seconds. In 2007 draws to a close, the young guy was from China (Chen Danyang) again 1 minute 10 seconds to break this record of achievement
Single screw
Rubik's Cube that is, one-handed rotation for recovery, the flexibility of the fingers demanding. Another one hand because of the lack of help, Rubik's Cube difficult to maintain a balance, especially in high-speed rotation in the process. Macky current world record for the creation of 23 seconds 26.
Foot pinch
While some sounds incredible, but some people with their feet to recover Rubik's Cube. Currently do not have a world record. Recorded the best score of two and a half minutes.
Law fancy twist
Some people do not like the design racing, or at least steps to restore the, and to focus on creating beautiful patterns. In fact it is quite difficult, because each one to predict the movement is not very simple.
Rubik's Cube is a variety of intelligence toys. . 1974 by the Hungarian architecture professor Lu Ke Bi invention, the late 1970s early 1980s, popular in Europe and the United States and the world.
Rubik's Cube by the full flexibility of the rigid plastics made from the six-cube. Is a core axis, and the composition of 26 small cube. Including the Center box six, fixed fixed, there are only one color. Corner box 8 (3-colored) rotation. Edge of the box 12 (2-colored) can rotate. Toys are sold with small cube of order so that each side of the cube have the same color. When a large cube of a fixed-rotation, all of its neighboring single color will be destroyed, and the formation of a new logo cube, then further changes, a different color each side by a small box Pincheng. Experts estimate all possible patterns constitute about 4.3 × 10 ^ 19.玩法is to disrupt the cube through the rotation as early resumption of six-into a single color.
Rubik's Cube type more common that are the most common third-order cube Rubik's Cube. In fact, there are second-and fourth-order, the five bands such as cube Rubik's Cube. There are other polyhedron Rubik's Cube, the surface can also be other polygons. "If the surface of pentagons, 12: five Rubik's Cube, or five demons, the English name: Megamix, also known as the Rubik's Cube is 12-of" "3 x4 cuboid" "3 X5 cuboid."
Third-order cube Rubik's Cube from 26 small box and a 3-D cross-axis connecting components, a small box of six in the centre, eight in the corner, 12 in row, the physical structure is very clever. Every aspect of it is divided into three tiers, each floor are free rotation, rotation changes through the layer of small box in the cube on the location of various parts of relationship exists between the constraints, the two plots is not exactly the same . Cube colors are all surface, all with a face the color of the same box, between the surface and surface colors are not the same. This original state of Rubik's Cube is the original state. Rubik's Cube is a recovery in accordance with the rules of rotating Rubik's Cube, restored to its original state. Rubik's Cube to a good recovery Rubik's Cube, a pair of dexterous hands, keen imagination and efficient space for the rotation process. There are many ways to recover, concrete steps are very different, but there are also things in common, the most common is a good one to fight.
Author found that the actual measurement down about 57mm.
If trying to read the information abroad, will find the world's first Rubik's Cube for two and a quarter-inch (57.15 mm) records.
Although now can see it, but many of them have been with the Rubik's Cube manufacturers of historical development, has undergone numerous changes.
In Japan, today you can still buy the company Tsukuda Original Rubik's Cube. Early products from Ideal Toy Production, transparent packaging manufacturers the bottom of the sign.
And now all of Seven Towns of paper packaging, box than in the early to look GREat. In 2000 when the custom started in particular the new logo. That is, after all, Hungary and other European countries Metric, really accurate? » Please do not suspect that any one set of data.
Now we are in the hands of "cloning Rubik's Cube" already very close to the size of the original. Most of the 55 mm to 60 mm range.
Do not underestimate this Rubik's Cube also Although it only 26 small box, can really change a lot, Rubik's Cube of the total number of changes to 43,252,003,274,489,856,000
Or equivalent to about 4.3 X10 ^ 19. If you can turn a second, under the Rubik's Cube 3, non-duplication, you also need to 4542 million years before it can turn a Rubik's Cube all the changes, this figure is currently estimated age of the universe about 30 times. But this is amazing!
Rubik's Cube, the origin of
[Edit this paragraph]
As the beginning of this entry said, the Rubik's Cube is the first in Hungary is a professor at the rubik's 1974 invention, but it is not an invention of the professors in order to put into production and entertainment. Because he is a professor of architecture and sculpture, so his own hands to make the first prototype of a Rubik's Cube to help students understand the cube space composition and structure of space and training students thinking ability and memory. In his first completed work after a few rotation, the full lineup of original Rubik's Cube that was difficult to resume, so he was aware of this new invention will be very simple. But he can not think of is that this side less than 6 cm of toys has swept the world in the future, or even a Rubik's Cube props for the campaign.
, The popular Rubik's Cube
[Edit this paragraph]
Rubik's Cube is widely loved you in the 1980s. From 1980 to 1982 sold a total of nearly 2 million Rubik's Cube. 1981, a little boy from the United Kingdom, Patrick Bossert (Patrick Bossert) wrote one called "you can also recover Rubik's Cube" (ISBN 0140314830) of the book, sold a total of nearly 1.5 million. Rubik's Cube because of the tremendous business opportunities, Professor Lu Bike and his partners with the development of the second and Rubik's Revenge, the same two products have been successful. In China, Rubik's Cube is the most in demand in the 1980s toys, children today as the hands of the handheld console, as most young people like toys. But as the reform and opening up, more and more of a novelty toys into China, and China's Rubik's Cube craze has gradually dissipated.
But in recent years, China's informal Rubik's Cube Rubik's Cube community it is working to change the public's view of the Rubik's Cube. Rubik's Cube is not just children's toys, but also a way to relax, coupled with more excitement and challenges of racing, one-handed, blind fastening玩法Rubik's cube, and so, more and more people are concerned about re - Rubik's Cube.
Basic terminology
Order: Order is the number of Rubik's cube with each side of the block a few, such as third-order Rubik's Cube each side has three small pieces.
Recovery: Rubik's Cube that from the non-original state to the original state of the process.
POP: Rubik's Cube that the recovery in some components of the Rubik's Cube from the above, if there is competition in the rehabilitation process as invalid.
DNF: Did Not Finish means that Rubik's Cube who feel unable to recover in their own time to complete satisfaction with the Rubik's Cube and abstain from the situation in the game can have a DNF.
Rubik's Cube, the composition
[Edit this paragraph]
Rubik's Cube by a third-order connected to the central block of six central axis and the different structure of a box of 20, when they are often linked to form a whole, and the level of any side can turn to the other side without affecting Block.
Rubik's Revenge of the Third Order, to the more complex, its composition is divided into two categories Centre is a sphere, each connected to the external small ball glides Center, will be along in time to campaign Forced in the direction of sliding rails. The second category is at the core axis of Rubik's Revenge, such Rubik's Cube of a very complex, in addition to central and peripheral block the ball, there are many additional pieces. As a racing sport, the second of a Rubik's Revenge movement speed, not get stuck in the high-speed rotation.
Professor's Cube is even more of a Rubik's Revenge. Every invention of a new high-end Rubik's Cube to go through a very long time, because not only to consider the feasibility of the project, will have to consider if the Rubik's Cube can be made to stabilize after the rotation for. It is for this reason, the Professor's Cube is the most senior official Rubik's Cube, its structure is not the general lovers can imagine them.
6 bands (with) more than the Rubik's Cube is still no official version. But recent rumors that the Japanese have produced samples and sent the French company tried to production. Rubik's Cube is difficult to produce high-end, because if the Rubik's Cube or third-order in accordance with the same period last year to increase and expand, then block in the rotation angle may be without the support of falling from the air. Before the Internet can see the eight bands of the so-called Rubik's Cube is later proved that the third-order put together by ordinary people.
Rubik's Cube stickers, 2000
[Edit this paragraph]
Rubik's Cube of six stickers typically from red, yellow, blue, GREen, white and orange color of the six components. Various periods and local versions of stickers will be different from methods, but is basically a relatively Hong Cheng, huangbai relative, the blue and green relative, in fact, as long as it met the three no matter how arbitrary the final results posted on only two of the paste.
If there are no such restrictions Rubik's Cube of the number of stickers affixed law? » The answer is 30. Rubik's Cube cube because of the symmetry, yet general, we may wish to specify when the stickers for the top of the blue. He's the opposite has five kinds of stickers, the remaining four surface to form a ring. This ring of four kinds of color after the removal of rotating the same situation 3 * 2 paste method. This is because of this ring, we can also yet to designate a general four kinds of colors in a color as the front of his opposite have three kinds of stickers, the remaining two sides of the corresponding two kinds of stickers, Rubik's Cube stickers affixed by the 5 * 3 * 2 = 30.
Rubik's Cube number of changes »
Although only 26 small Rubik's cube, can change the relative position of only 20 more, but it changes Zhenbu Shao, once a company selling advertising that Rubik's Cube, the Rubik's Cube in a 3 billion kinds, some people commented that this The equivalent of McDonald's proudly announced that they have sold in the world 10 billion a hamburger.
Rubik's Cube of a change (8! * 3 ^ 8 * 12! * 2 ^ 12) / (3 * 2 * 2) = 43252003274489856000, equivalent to about 4.3 * 10 ^ 19 or 127 quadrillion kinds of changes in 4325, the third-order change in the total number of Rubik's cube The reason is this: eight roles with the entire block 8!, And each block has three kinds of role towards, it is 8! * 3 ^ 8, 12 full-color with a collar each have two kinds of direction is 12! * 2 ^ 12, is to multiply such elements, and the denominator, 3 * 2 * 2 is the significance of maintaining other color fixed, can not change a single block towards the role, a change towards the edge color, and single home.
Rubik's Cube, the descent
[Edit this paragraph]
In fact, Rubik's Cube is not only a color, are now popular is the original version, in fact there are other versions of the color.
The first one is from Hong Kong production of the original color, the first sale there in the 1980s, now the majority of sales is different and it will be replaced by a brown orange.
The second is the Hong Kong production, is the same and a series of Rubik's Cube, but slightly different color.
The third is produced by the United States, completely changed color from white to yellow and blue to GREen, red to orange.
The fourth is from the Hungarian origin, color closer to the U.S.-Rubik's Cube.
Rubik's Cube, the logo
[Edit this paragraph]
1. Color center RsUsFsRs'Us2
2. Color Cross (RsFs) 3 or Rs2Fs2Us2
3. Dragon (FaRa) 3
4. Quqiao 12 (FaRa) 3Us2
5. BL'D2LDF'D2FD'B'F'RU2R'U'BU2B'UF giant meson
6. Shuanghuan BRsD'R2DRs'B'R2UB2U'DB2RaU2Ra'B2D 'or D'F2DsB2RsU RsB'R2B LsU RaB2U
7.6 U-word L'R2F'L'B'UBLFRU'RLRsFsUsRs
8. Snakes BRsD'R2DRs'B'R2UB2U'DR2D '
9. Pest RUF2D'RsFsD'F'R'F2RU2FR2F'R'U'F'U2FR
10. Two peaks FU L'B ° L F2D'FDF L'D'L F L'D BL U'F '
11. Double meson BL'D2LDF'D2FD'B'F'RU2R'U'BU2B'UF (R'D2RB'U2B) 2
12. Cruciate D U2F2Ds2Rs2B2Rs2D
13. Connecting the T-U'R'F'U'Rs2 D B R'L2D2B2Ds2B2U '
14. Jiaojia two R U'F R'B'D2R'U'BsLsD BL U'R'U'F U'Ls
Note: The above method are that the U.S. Rubik's Cube master Xinmasite the operator said law:
English Up (on), Down (under), Front (before), Back (after), Left (left), Right (right) were the first letter to the Rubik's Cube that the upper and lower, before and after, left, Right-six, that is, U (on), D (under), F (before), B (after), L (left), R (right). When the rotating Rubik's Cube right layer, from the right, if the clockwise direction of rotation 90 °, R used the rotating action that, if the anti-clock direction of rotation 90 °, used R 'rotation that this action, If the clockwise direction of rotation 180 °, then use R2 to that. In addition, the campaign will sandwich RL 'simple credited to Rs (at the same time that about two to the right-clockwise direction as the base of the rotation 90 °), and dissection of the campaign RL simple recorded as Ra (that is, the right-clockwise turn 90 °, then left with the opposite direction of rotation 90 °), and (RsFs) 3 RsFs said the moves will be repeated three times to do.
Rubik's Cube, the玩法
[Edit this paragraph]
General玩法
Such as a Rubik's Cube with玩法for relaxation and entertainment enthusiasts. They are usually only meet in the recovery of a Rubik's cube, not the pursuit of higher standards.
Racing玩法
Racing玩法racing玩法the specific time has been difficult to verify. When skilled enthusiasts have been able to recover the Rubik's Cube, began the pursuit of the fastest recovery. Racing to recover a few points: the methods used to be the most simple, but the resulting question is, the fewer steps, need to remember the formula more and more use of the Rubik's Cube need the most suitable for racing use, will not get stuck or skidding Therefore, a special lubricants for the Rubik's Cube; dexterous hands, they have good methods and Rubik's Cube is not the most important of all, skilled hands can turn a Rubik's Cube can have the highest efficiency.
The world's fastest people have succeeded in 7.08 seconds restore a Rubik's Cube (recorded in the creation of Czech Open 2008), is the record holder from the Netherlands Erik Akkersdijk.
Steps to restore at least
The most difficult玩法, in which玩法or competition, can not be rotating Rubik's cube, Rubik's Cube can only observe the eyes of the state, then at least thought to the steps to solve the Rubik's Cube. Although no one can prove that Rubik's Cube to disrupt the biggest state (that is, up to the steps needed to restore the status of) what is generally considered that after 50 but no further disrupt the rules of the three bands will be able to achieve the GREatest state of Rubik's cube, the circumstances 23-step rehabilitation needs. The current world record of 26-step reduction, time-consuming two half-hour.
Blind twist
Blind screw can be said that every player's dream Rubik's Cube. Twist the definition of blind eyes to watch Rubik's Cube is not (can remember), a recovery process. Timing is the first thing to see from the beginning of the Rubik's cube, Rubik's Cube memory that is the time count in the total time. This玩法on a person's memory and imagination have GREat room for the test. 3-order racing赛master Macky is also blind fastening the players, he at last year's world championship breakthrough in the first time in three minutes mark, but this record will soon be followed by the Americans Leyan Lo break. This year's contest, they both exceeded their two best results, Lo results for 2 minutes and 36 seconds, Macky is to create a new record of 2 minutes and 18 seconds. In 2007 draws to a close, the young guy was from China (Chen Danyang) again 1 minute 10 seconds to break this record of achievement
Single screw
Rubik's Cube that is, one-handed rotation for recovery, the flexibility of the fingers demanding. Another one hand because of the lack of help, Rubik's Cube difficult to maintain a balance, especially in high-speed rotation in the process. Macky current world record for the creation of 23 seconds 26.
Foot pinch
While some sounds incredible, but some people with their feet to recover Rubik's Cube. Currently do not have a world record. Recorded the best score of two and a half minutes.
Law fancy twist
Some people do not like the design racing, or at least steps to restore the, and to focus on creating beautiful patterns. In fact it is quite difficult, because each one to predict the movement is not very simple.
