在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等和关系副词where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。
(1)由who,whom,whose引导的定语从句:这类定语从句中,who用作主语,whom用作宾语,whose用作定语。例如:
This is the man who helped me.
The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.
Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu.
(2)which引导的定语从句:which在从句中作主语或谓语动词和介词的宾语。例如:
This is the book which you want.
The building which stands near the river is our school.
The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.
注意:①whom,which作介词宾语时,介词一般可放在whom,which之前,也可放在从句原来的位置上;在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for.
②引导非限定性定语从句时,必须用关系代词which,不用that。例如:
I have lost my pen,which I like very much.
(关系代词which作宾语,代表主句中的pen)
New Concept English is intended for foreign students,which is known to all of us.
(关系代词which作主语,代表整个主句)She was awarded a gold medal,which the whole family considered a GREat honour.
(关系代词which作宾语,代表整个主句)
