8. accuse， denounce， charge， blame
accuse 是“指控,指责”,常见的搭配是: accuse sb.of sth.（指控某人犯某罪/指责某人犯错误。例:
He was accused of corruption. 他被指控犯贪污罪。
Some parents accused the teacher of favoritism. 有些家长指责老师偏心。
denounce 是“公开指责,揭发”:
He was bitterly denounced for neglect of duty .他因玩忽职守而受到猛烈的抨击。
His colleague denounced him to the boss for helping the competi-tor. 他的同事向老板告发了他帮助竟争者。
charge 的含义较广,作“指控”讲时常用的搭配是:to charge sb. with sth.（指控某人某事）:
He was charged with theft .他被指控盗窃。此外常见的意义是“索价,充电,记帐”等。
If you accept the defective furniture ，we will charge you only for the cost of the material .如果你们接受不合格的家具,我们只收取材料成本费。
Please deliver the goods as soon as possible and charge to our ac-count. 请尽快供货,并将货款记入我方账户。
blame 是“责备,把某事归咎于某人”。常见的搭配是:blame sb. for sth. 或 blame sth.on sb. :
It's unfair for the students to blame the teacher for the failure/ to blame the failure on the teacher.学生把失败归咎于教师是不公平的。
注意说“某人该受责备”,to blame 比to be blamed 更常见:
Who is to blame for the accident 出了事故,该怪谁呢?
9. attribute...to ， owe...to，impute
attribute... to:“把……理所当然地归于某人或某事”:
Edison attributed his success to hard work. 爱迪生认为他的成功是因艰苦工作而来。
Air pollution has been partly attributed to cars. 人们认为空气污染部份是由汽车造成的。
owe...to:“把……归功于,得益于”:
We owe to Newton the principle of gravitation. 我们得知万有引力原理,应归功于牛顿。
She owes her beauty to artificial assistance. 她的美全靠打扮。
owe...to 的另一个意思是“受……的恩惠”:
We owed a GREat deal to our teachers. 我们深受师长之恩。
impute:“将罪名或有损名誉的事归咎于某人”:
Mr. Hill tried to impute the monstrous intentions to her. 希尔先生试图把荒谬的企图归罪于她。
They imputed the accident to the driver's carelessness. 他们把这次车祸归咎于驾驶员的疏忽。
10. blank， hollow， vacant， bare，empty
blank 用于指某物没有被写上字,没有作标记,是“空白的”之意:
a blank page （空白的一页）， a blank form （空白的表格）,a blank wall （没有门、窗的墙）
Please write your name in the blank space at the top of the page. 请把名字写在页面顶端空白处。
hollow :“空心的”;其引申义为“空洞的”,指表面上看起来,听起来有价值,真实,而实际上不是:
a hollow pipe （空心的管子）,hollow words （空洞的话）
With a hollow/empty basin in hand she came to help us. 他手里拿这一只空脸盆来帮助我们。
If the river nearby is polluted， the title of “most beautiful city” will become hollow. 如果这城市附近的河流被污染了,那么“最美丽的城市”的称号也就成了空话。
bare:“赤裸的,没有覆盖物的,光秃秃的”,例:a bare tree (光秃秃的树),bare feet (赤脚),a bare head (光头)
vacant 常用来指无人居住的房子,未有人占据的职位之类:a va-cant house (一所无人使用的房子), a vacant professorship (一个空缺的教授职位),a vacant post （空着的位置）
empty 是“空的”与 full， filled 相对:
an empty house 一栋空房子(没有家具等)
其延申意指缺乏内容,没有意义:empty and meaningless words（空洞而无意义的话）, an empty life （没有意义的人生）。
11. compare， match，
compare 指为了找出差异或相似之处而进行的比较:
This steel has GREater strength as compared to cast iron. 与铸铁相比,这种钢的强度更大。
His latest book compares very poorly with his first. 与他的第一本书相比,他最近的一本要差得多。
match 是一事物与另一事物在某些方面匹配,相当。
It has been said that no other language can match French in ex-pressing ideas with clarity and exactness. 据说,就简洁和精确表达思想而言,任何其它语言都比不上法语。
They are equally matched in their knowledge of English. 他们的英语知识不相上下。
Your shirt does not match with your shoes. 你的衬衣与鞋不相配。
12. cure， heal， remedy， treat
cure和heal 有时可互换,都指“医治,治愈(疾病,伤口)”;但cure 侧重指疾病过后恢复健康,而heal 则强调受损部位恢复正常。cure 可指突然的,奇迹般的痊愈,而heal 则常指缓慢的治愈过程:
The man was miraculously cured of cancer. 那男子的癌症奇迹般地治好了。
His injured back had been healing nicely until he wrenched it again yesterday. 他的背伤痊愈得很好,但昨天他又扭伤了。
The treatment failed to cure his headache. 那次治疗没能治好他的头痛病。
The salve will heal slight burns. 这种药膏能治疗轻微烧伤。
remedy 常用于指用各种方法纠正、消除身体或思想上的不正常状况:to remedy the stricken mind （医治那受了刺激的心）,remedy an abuse （纠正恶习）
treat 是最普通用词,指对某人进行诊断和治疗:
After the accident， all the wounded passengers were treated for cuts and bruises. 车祸后,所有受伤的旅客得到治疗。
13. decline， refuse， turn down， reject
decline:“辞谢,婉谢”,其宾语常是邀请,服务,帮助等:to decline an invitation to dinner （辞谢吃饭的邀请）。
The blind smilingly declined to be helped across the street. 肓人微笑着谢绝别人扶他过马路。
refuse :“拒绝”,常含有决定性的、不礼貌的意味:
The government refused to recognize the organization .政府拒绝承认该组织。
He resolutely refused their bribe. 他拒不接受他们的贿赂。
reject 除了“拒绝”外,还含有“抛弃、丢弃、抵制”之意:
The philosopher definitely rejects the notion that beauty is only symmetry. 这位哲学家明确拒绝美只是对称这一见解。
He was rejected from the factory because of poor health. 他因身体不好被工厂辞退。
The patient's body rejected the heart transplant. 病人的身体拒绝接受心脏移植。
14. duty ， obligation， responsibility， liability
duty 强调的是源于道德、伦理的责任:
It is our bounden duty to help the disabled. 帮助残疾人是我们的责任。
Have you fulfilled your marital duties 你尽了做丈夫(或妻子)的责任吗?
obligation 则指根据法律、合同、承诺而应尽的责任:
The sellers are under an obligation to complete the delivery of the goods within the contractual time of shipment. 卖方有责
任在合同规定的交货期限内完成交货。
responsibility 的语义更广,可指对个人、公众应履行的责任或义务:
This credit is given without responsibility. 我方提供此信贷情况,不承担任何责任。
The responsibility for the present crisis lies squarely at the door of the administration. 当前这场危机的责任恰恰应由行政部门来承担。
liability 这个词来源于liable， 是“根据法律应承担的责任、义务”
liability to pay taxes 纳税的义务
The Organization form of the joint venture company is a limited liability company. Each party to the joint venture company is liable to the joint venture company within the limit of the capital subscribed by it. 合资公司的组织形式为有限责任公司。合资公司各方的责任以各自对注册资本的出资为限。
这个词的另一个意义是“负债”(多用复数形式):
The business failed because its assets were not so GREat as its liabili-ties. 这家商行因资不抵债而倒闭。
liabilities（多用于财会中）,与debt(普通用语)、obligation(多用于法律文件)同义。
15. discover， invent， create， reveal
discover 指“发现、找到”已经存在、尚未为人所知的事物:to dis-cover a small island （发现一小岛）, to discover the law of heredity （发现遗传规律）, to discover mistakes （发现错误）
invent 是“制造出原来没有的东西”即“发明”;也指“运用想象力编造事物”即“臆造”:
This device was invented by an American engineer. 这一装置是美国工程师发明的。
The grandmother was good at inventing story for the children. 祖母很能为孩子们编造故事。
reveal 是“揭开事物的帷幕,以显露其真相”;也指“泄密”:
Further investigation revealed the truth of the event. 进一步的调查之后,这一事件就真相大白了。
All the weakness revealed itself during discussion. 在讨论中所有的弱点都暴露出来了。
create 是“创造、产生”,强调新事物之出现并非出自另一事物:
It is people who create history. 是人民创造了历史。
Her appearance created a sensation. 她的出现引起轰动。
16. meaning， significance， sense
meaning 是常用词,语义最广,是“意义、意思”:
We consult the dictionary when we don't know the meaning of a new word. 我们不知道生词的意思时,就去查词典。
I can't seize your meaning. 我不明白你的意思。
significance 常指“有影响的、重大的意义”:
In the article he stressed the significance of steal in industry. 他在文章中强调了钢在工业上的重要性。
Eugenics has a biological significance.优生学在生物学上有重要意义。
sense 是多义词,可以指“感官、感觉、观念”;作“意义”讲时常指“某词、某句的意义”:sense of humor （幽默感）,sense of security （安全感）
The word can be omitted without affecting the sense . 该词可以省略而不影响意义。
What you said just now doesn't make any sense. 你刚才说的话莫名其妙。
