1.在 wish之后接that从句,表达一种愿望,希望事情与实际情况不一样。that从句里的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,例:
A.用过去式表示现在:
I wish I were/was as strong as you. ( I am weak. )我希望和你一样健壮。
I wish she aGREed to marry me .(She doesn't agree to marry me.) 她要是同意嫁给我就好了。
B.用过去完成式或“could + 动词的完成式”表示过去:
He didn't go to the party, but he does wish he there.
A) had been B) has been
C) would have been D) would be
(B4,1992.6 ,A对)他没有去参加聚会,但他的确希望他去了那里。
I wish I longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
A) could have slept B) slept
C) might have slept D) have slept
今天早上我能睡得更久些就好了,可惜我得起床去上课。(B4,1995.6-45,A对)
C.“I wish you would / wouldn't...” 表示客气的祈使语气,所表达的愿望是能够实现的:
I wish she wouldn't sing in the bath. 我希望她洗澡时别唱歌。
I wish you wouldn't talk like that. 希望你不要那样说话。
如果是纯粹指将来,不用 I wish...would...结构,例如不说:
I wish there would be a strike tomorrow.
而说:There will be a strike tomorrow.
2.if only 用来表示渴望和惋惜,主句常常不出现:
Look at the situation I'm in! If only I your advice.
A) follow B) had followed
C) would follow D) have followed
(1993.6-70 ,B对) 瞧!我的处境多么糟糕。要是我听了你的忠告就好了。
If only the committee the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.
A) approve B) will approve
C) can approve D) would approve
要是委员会能通过这些规定并使之尽快生效就好了。(B4,1997.1-47, D对)
3.it is (high/about) time 表示因过久不采取行动而感到不耐烦,谓语用过去式或“should + 动词原形”:
It's time about the traffic problem downtown.
A) something was done B) anything will be done
C)everything is done D) nothing to be done
(B6,1993.6 , A对)该是采取一些措施解决市区交通问题的时候了。
It's high time you should make up your mind about choosing a ca-reer. 该是你下决心选择职业的时候了。
4.as if 引导的状语从句,谓语动词可能用陈述语气,也可能用虚拟语气,要看句子表达的意思:
It looks as if it is going to rain. 好像要下雨了。(陈述语气)
That tree looked as if it for a long time.
A) hasn't watered B) didn't water
C) hadn't been watered D) wasn't watered
(B4,1992.12 ,C对)那棵树看上去好像很久没人给它浇水了。(虚拟语气)
5.在lest,in case 引导的状语从句中,谓语动词用陈述语气或虚拟语气(“should+动词原形”或“动词原形”):
I asked them to ring first lest we were out. 我请他们先打电话来,以免我们不在家。(陈述语气)
The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he himself.
A) injure B) had injured C) injured D) would injure
这个疯子被关进墙上装有衬垫的病房,以免伤了他自己。(B4,1998.1-38,A对。虚拟语气)
6.would rather, would sooner 也用来表达主观愿望,它们之后的从句,用过去式指现在或将来,用过去完成式指过去:
I'd rather you those important documents with you.
A) don't take B) won't take
C) didn't take D) not take
我宁愿你身上不带那些重要文件。(B4,1993.6,C对)
I'd sooner you didn't hurt Jim so much. He is still very depressed. 吉姆还很沮丧,你就不要那样伤他的心了。
I'd rather you hadn't been present. 我宁愿你当时不在场。