1.把下列句子翻译成汉语(注意词义的选择、引申和褒贬)
1) May I see your home?
2) Maternity home costs in America have gone up sharply. 3) Much is produced here for the home market.
4) I always considered him calculating and mercenary and did my best to avoid him.
5) Many people think that he is one of the most ambitious politicians of our times.
6) Although he is very young, he is very ambitious in his research work.
7) She is fidgety and restless。
8) She is at home in English.
9) We need tough-minded soldiers in our army.
10) All the inventors have a restless mind.
2.把下列句子翻译成汉语(注意运用词类转译法)
1) Electric power became the servant of man only after people invented the motor.
2) During the past few years，the city has shown a rapid increase in population.
3) Within seconds the meter hand should read zero.
4) Chances of failure and disaster are ever present in all space navigation.
5) The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israeli's right to exist.
6) A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.
7) To them, he personified the absolute power.
8) Formality has always characterized their relationship.
9) We took brief, restless naps, struggled to understand the intermittent broadcasting of Radio Prague...
10) He routinely radioed another agent on the ground.
3.把下列句子翻译成汉语(注意运用增译法和减译法)
1) He cannot endure the tensions of modern life.
2) The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley.
3) The Chinese people used to be，are and will be a peace-loving nation.
4) If society were a train，the etiquette would be the rails along which only the train could rumble forth.If society were a state coach，the etiquette would be the wheels and axis on which only the coach could roll forward.
5) There were no speeches，no foreign diplomats，no ordinary Chinese with paper flags and bouquets of flowers.
6) With all your faults you were frank and honest.
7) We had an informal talk with him in connection with the preparations for this meeting.
8) This is as true of national conflict as it is of individual discrepancy.
9) It was only shallow people who judge by appearance.
10) He dropped his eyes when he met me on the street.
4.把下列句子翻译成汉语(注意运用正反、反正译法)
1) Serious shortage of energy was a nightmare haunting the world economy.
2) The scientist must approach the familiar just as carefully and cautiously as he does the unfamiliar.
3) I only wish he was here himself, as I make no doubt he will be at sunset tomorrow.
4) Children under the age of 18 are banned from entering.
5) The first shots missed the target.
6) It would be most disastrous if even a rumor of it were given out.
7) Slowly she pulled the letter out of the envelope, and unfolded it.
8) Mary unfolded a clean white table cloth and went to fetch some beer.
9) Tom was no end upset because he couldn't go to cinema.
10) The burglar jumped over a neighboring garden wall and disappeared in the darkness.
5.把下列句子翻译成汉语(注意运用比较结构译法)
1) The Singapore Foreign Minister said，"The Russians are more far-sighted than is the western world as far as southeast Asia is concerned."
2) Under those circumstances，American corporations face difficult problems.They cannot merely withdraw-they must work harder than ever.
3) There is nothing more irritating than seeing other people sitting about doing nothing when I'm working.
4) I know he has usually worked well but none the less I must punish him on this occasion.
5) My friend was detained in Liverpool longer than he expected.
6) As much as I hate to do it, I must stay home and study tonight.
7) I haven't seen so much of the world as he.
8) That is as much as to say that he is a liar.
9) He's no more able to read Spanish than I am.
10) Some of the stories were really more than could be believed.
6.把下列句子翻译成汉语(注意语序的调整)
1) Your paintings appeal to me.
2) Non-conductors are rubber and glass.
3) We ate to our hearts' content at her home last Sunday.
4) To the surprise of everyone, his plan succeeded.
5) Her success resulted in part from her ability to sell the products.
6) The branch of science, artificial intelligence, is developing rapidly.
7) Professor GREen is working with two of his new assistants in the laboratory at the moment.
8) Such has not been the case, at least not for the last 50 years.
9) The language of mathematics is one of signs and symbols.
10) People regard the sun as the chief source of heat and light.
7.把下列句子翻译成汉语(注意被动结构的翻译)
1) The AIDS Virus was found in human white blood cells in 1983.
2) The system of seGREgation has been outlawed by the United Nations.
3) The delegates were given a hearty welcome.
4) I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card.
5) ReGREttably，these recommendations have not been universally implemented.
6) Most of the questions have been settled satisfactorily，and only a few questions of secondary importance remain to be discussed.
7) You will be shown our workshop by the secretary.
8) It is stressed that the field of science may be divided into two major areas: natural science and social science.
9) The book has already been translated into many languages.
10) The design for the reservoir will be made by a special group under the guidance of Professor Li.
8.把下列句子翻译成汉语(注意分句、合句的译法)
1) You will soon be amply rewarded for your help.
2) She is very pretty. Her mind is open.
3) Energy can neither be created nor to destroy; it is a universally accepted law.
4) The Chinese people seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.
5) But another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relation.
6) The three young men huddled there and said nothing. They dared not smoke. They would not move.
7) When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.
8) And a growing minority of Western intellectuals aGREed.
9) It was half past ten already. Miss Smith still watched the path anxiously.
10) I think that this is a very good issue. And it makes the link between translation and publicity abroad.
9.把下列句子翻译成汉语(注意从句和长句的译法)
1) His mind was full of ideas which he wanted to discuss.
2) Then I telephoned the doctor whom Charles had recommended.
3) He'll show her the place where they could make her look a proper dame-for next to nothing.
4) He made the sound of sympathy which comes so readily from those who have an independent income.
5) Individuals who are infected with HIV but remain healthy and keep viral replication in check may offer some hope for guiding the design of an effective HIV vaccine.
6) How can I introduce into a casual conversation those lengthy lines of academic paper that inject the adrenaline into a given idea.
7) It seems clear that human body is equipped to overlook the need for sleep in order to meet emergencies of quite long duration without doing any harm to it.
8) He decided to take this difficult course, which had made him extremely busy during the summer.
9) How can you expect your children to be truthful when you yourself tell lies?
10) But it ignores the fact that, though pilots, we potentially were in as much danger of capture as any covert agent.
10.将短文中划线部分翻译成汉语
( 1 )
1) More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.
It is easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. 2) But it is disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may be the victims of uncommonly bad luck.
For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being robbed.
3) Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.
4) Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. 5) They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.
(2)
As an alternative to simply identifying levels of literacy with years of schooling，some scholars have distinguished levels of literacy in another way.Environmental or lay literacy is the term used to designate that form of unspecialized competence involved in generally dealing with a literate environment. Such literacy need never be taught. 1) It is a type of literacy that is acquired through participating in a literate environment in which signs, labels, trademarks, headlines, sports scores, and the like are ubiquitous (普遍存在的).
2) Such a general, if low, level of literacy, which stands somewhat apart from the particular skills of reading and writing, first arose in Europe in the later Middle Ages with the development of what the Canadian historian Blake Walker communities."A textual community consisted of a band of believers formed around an interpreter who read and interpreted religious texts. 3) Because the authority of the teacher rested in the text rather than in the church, members of the community came to know certain general truths about texts and about writing: that they could be read, understood, studied, consulted, that they were more reliable than hearsay: that they were permanent; and that they possessed authority. Everyone in a literate society is literate in this sense; all know the nature, uses, and functions of writing even if they do not personally practice it.
4) A literate society is also dependent upon the development of elite literacy, a high level of literate competence, possessed by a relatively small percentage of the population, in such specialized fields of endeavor as science, law, or literature. High levels of literate competence involve learning a somewhat specialized vocabulary as well as the nuances of meaning that are relevant to lexical choice.It is estimated that literate people have a reading vocabulary，consisting of words that are encountered only in reading and writing，that may be more than double the size of their ordinary speaking vocabulary. In addition to specialized grammatical constructions that serve to set out explicitly the logical form of an argument and of specialized genres or literacy forms such as description，explanation，argument，and instructions that can be used for building complex linguistic structures or genres，such as narrative and expository texts. These specialized skills require for mastery many years of formal schooling.Once such forms are acquired in literate contexts they can also be used in speech. 5) For this reason literacy is not tied exclusively to writing; just as one can write in an essentially oral style, so one can speak in a manner characteristic of written language. Literacy makes it possible to speak a written language.
参考答案：
1.把下列句子翻译成汉语(注意词义的选择、引申和褒贬)
1)我可以送你回家吗？
2)美国妇产医院收费正急剧上涨。
3)这里为国内市场生产了许多产品。
4)我一向认为他这个人工于心计又唯利是图，所以总是设法避开他。
5)很多人认为他是现今最有野心的政客之一。
6)他虽然很年轻，但是在研究工作中很有雄心壮志。
7)她生性急躁好动。
8)她的英语很棒。
9)我们军队需要意志坚强的士兵。
10)所有的发明家都有一个思想活跃的头脑。
2.把下列句子翻译成汉语(注意运用词类转译法)
1)只有在电动机发明以后，电力才开始为人类服务。
2)在最近几年里，这个城市人口急剧增长。
3)在几秒钟内，表针的读数应为零。
4)所有的宇宙航行都始终存在着失败和发生灾难的可能性。
5) 1967年的联合国文件要求在以色列撤出所占的土地以及阿拉伯承认以色列的生存权利的基础上解决中东冲突。
6)从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。
7)在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。
8)他们之间关系的特点是以礼相待。
9)我们短短地，不安地睡了几次，竭力想听懂布拉格电台断断续续的广播……
10)他跟另一个地勤人员进行了例行的无线电联络。
3.把下列句子翻译成汉语(注意运用增译法和减译法)
1)他忍受不了现代生活的压力。
2)群山已开始在山谷里投下蔚蓝色的长影。
3)中华民族过去是、现在是，未来仍将是一个热爱和平的民族。
4)假如社会是一列火车，那么礼仪就是火车赖以隆隆前行的铁轨；假如社会是一驾华贵的马车，那么礼仪就是马车赖以滚滚向前的轮和轴。
5)没有发表讲话，没有各国外交官到场，也没有"普通中国人"挥舞纸旗、花束的场面。
6)你过去对待自己一切过错的态度都是坦率而诚实的。
7)我们就这次会议的准备工作与他进行了非正式会谈。
8)国家之间的冲突是这样，个人之间的差异也是如此。
9)只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人。
10)在街上遇到我时，他低头假装没有看见我。
4.把下列句子翻译成汉语(注意运用正反、反正译法)
1)严重的能源不足是困扰世界经济的大问题。
2)科学家在处理熟知的事物时，必须像处理陌生的事物一样小心谨慎。
3)我希望他也在这里，我有把握，明天太阳下山的时候，他就要来了。
4) 18岁以下儿童不准入内。
5)开始的几枪没有击中目标。
6)甚至只要有一点点风声漏出去，结果就不堪设想。
7)她不慌不忙地从信封里抽出信纸，打开来。
8)玛丽铺上一块洁净的白桌布，又取来啤酒。
9)汤姆非常不高兴，因为他不能去看电影。
10)那个窃贼从邻居花园的墙头翻过去，消失在黑暗中。
5.把下列句子翻译成汉语(注意运用比较结构译法)
1)新加坡外交部长说："就东南亚而言，俄国人比西方世界更有远见。"
2)在这种情况下，美国公司面临一些困难的问题，但它们不能仅仅撤走了事，而是必须比以往更加努力地工作。
3)最恼火的是我工作时，却看到其他人坐着无所事事。
4)我知道他通常干得不错，但这次我仍然必须惩罚他。
5)我的朋友在利物浦逗留的时间比他预想的长。
6)尽管我极不想呆在家里学习，但今晚还得这么做。
7)我见过的世面没有他那么多。
8)那等于说他撒了谎。
9)他和我都看不懂西班牙文。
10)有些故事实在不能相信。
6.把下列句子翻译成汉语(注意语序的调整)
1)我对你的画很感兴趣。
2)橡皮和玻璃是非导体。
3)我们上星期在她家尽情地吃了一顿。
4)他的计划出人意料地成功了。
5)她的成功部分源于她销售产品的能力。
6)人工智能这门科学正在迅速地发展。
7)格林教授现在正在实验室和他的两个新助手一起工作。
8)至少在近50年以来，情况并非如此。
9)数学语言是一种由记号和符号所构成的语言。
10)人们把太阳视为主要的热源和光源。
7.把下列句子翻译成汉语(注意被动结构的翻译)
1)艾滋病毒是1983年在人体白细胞中发现的。
2)种族隔离制度已被联合国宣布为非法。
3)代表们受到热烈欢迎。
4)我为这些话所深深感动，后来就把它们写在圣诞贺卡上。
5)令人遗憾的是，这些建议并未得到普遍接受。
6)大部分问题已得到圆满解决，只剩下几个次要问题需要讨论。
7)秘书会领你们去参观我们的车间。
8)有人强调说科学的范围可分为两个主要领域：自然科学和社会科学。
9)这本书已经被译成多种语言。
10)这个水库将由李教授领导的一个专门小组设计。
8.把下列句子翻译成汉语(注意分句、合句的译法)
1)你将很快获得重奖，因为你乐于助人。
2)她很漂亮而且很坦率。
3)能量既不能创造也不能消灭，这是一条公认的规律。
4)中国人民似乎为他们的经济成就感到自豪，这是合情合理的。
5)但是，如果这个地区再次发生战争，显然会使国际关系紧张起来。
6)三个青年聚在那儿不说话，不敢抽烟，也不愿走开。
7)我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。
8)越来越多的西方知识分子当时接受这种看法，虽然从数量上说，他们仍是少数。
9)已经是10点半了，史密斯小姐仍然焦急地朝着小路张望。
10)我认为这一期编得非常好，好在把翻译与外界的宣传联系了起来。
9.把下列句子翻译成汉语(注意从句和长句的译法)
1)他脑子里充满了他想讨论的观点。
2)然后我给查尔斯推荐的那个医生打电话。
3)他会把她带到那个地方去，他们可以在那里把她打扮成一位漂亮的少女，而且花不了多少钱。
4)他发出了同情之声，这种同情声是那些有独立收入的人最容易说出口的。
5)有些人虽然感染了HIV病毒，但身体仍然健康，并能遏制病毒的扩散，他们为研制有效的HIV疫苗带来了一线希望。
6)我怎样才能将那些冗长的学术文章的内容，在与普通人的交谈中表达出来？这些文字常常给人的思想注入生机和活力。
7)为了应付长时间的紧急事件，人似乎可以忽视睡眠的需要，而且这样做对身体也无害，毋庸置疑人体是有条件做到这一点的。
8)他决定选修这门很难的课程，结果整个夏天他忙得不亦乐乎。
9)如果你自己讲假话，怎么能期待你的孩子说真话呢？
10)但是有一点忽略了，即我们虽然是飞行员，但却和任何潜伏的特务一样有被俘的危险。
10.将短文中划线部分翻译成汉语
(1)
1)由于公司、政府和金融机构越来越多地由计算机中储存的信息控制着。任何一个为了个人的目的修改而这些信息的聪明人，都可以得到巨大的好处。
2)但令人不安的是，我们确实知道，许多这类罪行的发现都是偶然的，而不是通过系统侦破或其它保安程序查出来的。许多计算机罪犯被发现可能是由于运气不佳。
3)与其他的违法者不同，那些违法者必须流亡国外、自杀、或坐牢，而计算机罪犯往往可以逃脱惩罚，他们不仅要挟不受指控，还要求出具有利的推荐信函或向他们提供其他好处。
4)为什么会这样呢？因为公司负责人害怕公众一旦发现他们的公司计算机被人滥用了公司的声誉会受到损害。
5)一想到罪犯在法庭上公开抖露出他如何在公司主管、会计和安全人员的眼皮底下偷梁换柱，在绝密文件、账目上做手脚，公司主管们就犹豫了。
(2)
1)环境读写能力是通过参与读写的环境而获得的一种读写能力。在这种读写环境中，书面的标志、标签、商标、标题、体育得分及诸如此类的东西无处不在。
2)这样一种普通的，或者较低的识字能力，与读和写的特殊技能有些不相干，其最初出现于中世纪后期的欧洲，这一运动被加拿大历史学家布莱克·沃克称为"文本团体"。
3)因为教师的权威性存在于文本而非教堂之中，团体中的成员逐渐懂得了关于文体和写作的某些普遍真理：它们可以被阅读、理解、研究、讨论；它们比道听途说更加可靠；它们是永久的；它们拥有权威。
4)一个有读写能力的社会也依赖于精英读写能力的发展。精英读写能力指的是一种在像科学、法律或文学这种专业领域中的高水平的读写能力，由人口中相对较少比例的人拥有。
5)由于这个原因，读写能力并非只跟写作在一起，正如人们可以用本质上口语化的风格写作一样，人们也可以用书面语言的方式来说话。
