Questions 1 to 5are based on the following passage：
The concept of“environment”is certainly difficult and may even be misunderstood；but we have no handy substitute．It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental．But in actual practice this system breaks down in many ways，because the organism and the environment are constantly interacting so that the environment is modified by the organism and vice versa．
In the case of man，the difficulties with the environmental concept are even more
complicated because we have to deal with man as an animal and with man as a bearer of culture．If we look at man as an animal and try to analyze the environmental forces that are acting on the organism，we find that we have to deal withthings like climate，soil，plants，and such-like factors common to all biological situations；but we also find，always，very important
environmental influences that we can only class as“cultural”，which modify the physical and
biological factors．But man，as we know him，is always a bearer of culture；and if we study human culture，we find that it，in turn， is modified by the environmental factors of climate and geography．We thus easily get into GREat difficulties from the necessity of viewing culture，at one moment，as a part of the man and，at another moment，as a part of the environment．
1．Which of the following can best describe the popular understanding of“environment”as the author sees it？
A）Elaborate．
B）Prejudiced．
C）Faultless．
D）Oversimplified．
2．According to the author the concept of“environment”is difficult to explain because____．
A）it doesn't distinguish between the organism and the environment
B）it involves both internal and external forces
C）the organism and the environment influence each other
D）the relationship between the organism and the environment is unclear
3．In analyzing the environmental forces acting on man the author suggests that ____ ．
A）biological factors are less important to the organism than cultural factors to man
B）man and other animals are modified equally by the environment forces
C）man is modified by the cultural environment as well as by the natural environment
D）physical and biological factors exert more influence on other organisms than on man
4．As for culture，the author points out that ____．
A）it develops side by side with environ- mental factors
B）it is also affected by environmental factors
C）it is generally accepted to be part of the environment
D）it is a product of man's biological instincts
5．In this passage，the author is primarily concerned with ____．
A）the interpretation of the term“environment”
B）the discussion on the organisms and biological environment
C）the comparison between internal and external factors influencing man
D）the evaluation of man's influence on culture
［讲解］
1．正确答案为D）Oversimplified．（过于简单了）。本题要求描述当今人们对“环境”这一概念的普遍理解。依据文章第一段第三行“It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment．．．”（……似乎就这么简单）。而从下文判断，并不是如此简单，而是相当复杂，说明这样过于简单了。因此D）为正确选项。A）Elaborate．（详尽阐述的，复杂的），B）Prejudiced．（有偏见的）和C）Faultless．（正确无误的）均可排除。
2．正确答案为C）。the organism and the environment influence each other（有机体和环境相互影响）。依据文章第一段最后一句中“the organism and the environment are constantly interacting so that the environment is modified by the organism and vice versa．”其中 interacting和influence相对应，故C）正确。
3．正确答案为C）。本题的问题是“在分析作用于人的环境力”时，作者指出。依据文章第二段第一行“In the case of man， the difficulties with the environmental concept are even more complicated because we have to deal with man as an animal and with man as a bearer of culture．”人具有双重身份：一种是动物；另一种是文化的持有者。一方面受到文化环境的改变，另一方面也受到自然环境的影响。因此C）项符合题意。
4．正确答案为B）。依据文章第二段倒数第九行“．．．if we study human culture，we find that it，in turn，is modified by the environmental factors of climate and geography．”modified与选择项中的affected相对应，所以，B）为唯一正确选项。
5．正确答案为A）。文章主要阐述了“环境”这一概念。B）、C）、D）各项是作者在阐述“环境”这一主要概念时所涉及到的一些方面，故排除。
iwms 4.6