??正说和反说包括的词类范围很广,不仅包括动词、形容词、副词、名词、介词和连词,而且包括各种词组,短语和从句。现以实例对正反、反正表达法加以说明。
一、英译汉正说反译法
在不少情况下,由于有的词语含有特殊意义,如不从反面着笔,译文就不通,这时必须反说。例如:
1)“I have read your articles.I expect to meet an old man.”
“我读过你的文章,没想到你这样年轻。”(动词)
2)He was absent from his own country last year.
他去年不在自己的国家。(形容词短语)
3)He dived into the water fully clothed and rescued the children.
他衣服没脱就跳入水中,把孩子救了上来。(副词)
4)He was extremely sorry for the shortness of time.他对时间不足感到十分抱歉。(名词)
5)I do think that it is beyond his power to fulfill the task.我的确认为要完成这项任务是他力所不及的。(介词)
6)The lecture was interesting,but as far as I am concerned the speaker was speaking over my head.
这讲座很有趣,但对我来说,讲座太深了,听不懂。(介词短语)
7)The plan as it is leaves much to be desired.目前这样的方案大有不足之处。(动词短语)
8)Before I could say“thank you”,the postman had disappeared around the corner.
我还没来得及说声“谢谢”,邮递员已经在拐角处不见了。(连词)
二、英译汉反说正译法
英文的表达方式是否定的,但在译文中却采用肯定的表达方式。例如:
9)At the same time,even as she untied the package,the thought came to her—supposing they would not work?
就在她打开包的时候,她有一个念头:万一它们不灵验呢?(动词)
10)The scientist must approach the familiar just as carefully and cautiously as he does the unfamiliar.
科学家在处理熟知的事物时,必须像处理陌生的事物一样小心谨慎。(形容词)
11)Everyone felt nervous that afternoon,and they all went about their work in an unusually careful manner.
那天下午,大家都感到紧张,干活时特别小心谨慎。(副词)
12)The illiteracy rate declined from 30.4 percent in 1910 to 22.9 percent in 1920.
文盲率从1910年的30.4%降低到1920年的22.9%。(名词)
13)I only wish he was here himself,as I don't doubt he will be here at sunset tomorrow.我希望他也在这里,我有把握,明天太阳下山的时候,他就要来了。(动词短语)