I. Basic Knowledge(Vocabulary and Grammar)
A. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.
1. Teachers know that each student may have GREater or less_______for learning English.
A. attitude B. altitude
C. aptitude D. absolute
2. When do you_________for the Christmas?
A. break up B. break off
C. break down D. break into
3. A hot metal_________as it grows cooler.
A. contracts B. condenses
C. conclude D. compresses
4. The secretary made_________reports for the manager, one for his speech and one for the file for the future reference.
A. deviate B. dozen
C. delicate D. duplicate
5. Each workday the workers here followed the same schedule and rarely_________from this routine.
A. deviated B. disconnected
C. detached D. distorted
6. Your handwriting in the paper is quite_________. I have trouble recognizing it.
A. elaborate B. elegant
C. illegible D. eloquent
7. Some college students in
A. ensured B. entitled
C. enlarged D. endowed
8. Flatboats_________commodities and foods across the
A. fret B. flee C. ferry D. fling
9. You can’t trick her into marrying you and expect to_________it forever.
A. get away with B. get rid of
C. get along with D. get used to
10. Lucy was on a diet, but she found the cream cakes quite_________.
A. irregular B. irresistible
C. inevitable D. incredible
11. All the students in the class_________their mathematics teacher because, although he is severe, he is fair.
A. look up to B. look up on
C. look up for D. look up at
12. A clear politician knows how to_________public opinions.
A. maintain B. manifesto
C. manipulate D. manufacture
13. He is already_________seventy, but is still as strong and vigorous as a young man in his twenties.
A. on the lines of
B. on the wrong side of
C. on top of
D. outside of
14. In_________times human beings did not travel for pleasure but to find a more favorable climate.
A. prime B. primitive
C. primary D. preliminary
15. Soon after the applause from the excited audiences our_________leader stepped into the banquet hall.
A. respected B. respective
C. respectable D. respectful
16. Dark glasses serve to_________eyes from the light of the sun when you have to be exposed to it.
A. save B. shield C. shelter D. shake
17. A balance of international payments refers to the net result of the business which a nation_________with other nations in a given period.
A. transacts B. tempts
C. thrives D. transports
18. Obviously these are all factors affecting smooth operation, but the_________problem is still to be identified.
A. useful B. underlying
C. useless D. underneath
19. Mr. Hudson said he had_________evidence that John had committed the crime the day before yesterday.
A. valuable B. variety
C. valid D. verbal
20. He_________to go back to his native country after decades of living abroad.
A. yielded B. yearned
C. yelled D. yawned
B. Fill in the blanks with the word, according to the meaning of the sentence.
1. It was all_________ that the restaurant discriminated against the black customers.
2. All the day we could hear the bees bu_________ around the roses in our garden.
3. We are doing this work in the con_________ of reforms in the economic, social and cultural spheres.
4. Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other d_________.
5. Many years had e_________before they returned to their original urban areas.
6. He received a gr_________from the university in order to continue this research.
7. We could not really afford to buy a house so we got it on purchase and paid monthly in_________.
8. 23 million people in
enough to understand the questions on a voting paper.
9. The toy maker produces a min_________ copy of the space station, exact in every detail.
10. My cousin
11. Only the last statement is true. All the others pre_________against black people.
12. Once you get to know your mistakes, should you rec_________them as soon as possible.
13. If you don’t s_________ the children properly, Mr. Chiver, they will just run riot.
14. He is the only person who can t_________ in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.
15. A tourist is prevented from entering our country if he does not have a v_________ passport.
C. Choose the one that best completes the sentence, according to correct grammar usage.
1. _________can be seen from the comparisons of these figures, the principle includes the active participation of the patient in the modification of his conditions.
A. As B. What
C. That D. It
2. Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills_________people each year than automobile accidents.
A. seven more times
B. seven times more
C. over seven times
D. seven times
3. Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that his assertion about the economic recovery_________just around the corner was untrue.
A. would be B. to be C. was D. being
4. As it turned out to be a small house party, we_________so formally.
A. needn’t dress up
B. did not need have dressed up
C. didn’t need dress up
D. need not have dressed up
5. Although a teenager, Fred could resist _________what to do and what not to do.
A. to be told B. having been told
C. being told D. to have been told
6. He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society,_________insufficiently popular with all members.
A. being considered
B. considering
C. to be considered
D. having considered
7. _________ for the timely investment form the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.
A. Had it not been B. Were it not
C. Be it not D. Should it not
8. The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds,_________could go penniless by next year.
A. the larger one
B. the larger of which
C. the largest one
D. the largest of which
9. Just as the value of a telephone networks increases with each new phone_________to the system, so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that turns out.
A. adding B. to have added
C. to add D. added
10. Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often_________or better than an actual performance.
A. as good as B. as good
C. good D. good as
11. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything_________going on in the world.
A. that is B. as is
C. there is D. what is
12. Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed_________.
A. had produced
B. have been produced
C. would have produced
D. had been produced
13. The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds_________his argument in favour of the new theory.
A. which to base on
B. on which to base
C. to base on which
D. which to be based on
14. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe_________it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.
A. so that B. but that
C. in that D. provided that
15. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, _________the atmosphere.
A. as it is B. the same is
C. so is D. and so is
16. The heart is_________intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.
A. not so B. not much
C. much more D. no more
17._________the fact that his initial experiments had failed, the professor persisted in his research all the way.
A. Because of B. As to
C. In spite of D. In view of
18. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand,_________all practical value by the time they were finished.
A. can lose B. would have lost
C. lose D. ought to have lost
19. No bread eaten by man is so sweet as _________earned by his own labor.
A. one B. that C. such D. what
20. Professor Lee’s book will show you can be used in other contexts.
A. that you have observed
B. that how you have observed
C. how that you have observed
D. how what you have observed
D. Translation.
1．几天前他还对这个计划嗤之以鼻，可是现在他却以高涨的热情去努力落实这项计划，这真是令人难以理解的转变。
2． 这个看上去饱经风霜的渔翁伸出他那由于辛劳而布满老茧的双手，开始讲述他海上生活的艰难历程。
3． 学生原本指望他会解释锐利观察和逻辑思维为何是科学研究必不可少的品质，但是他的一番话不但没有使人明白，反而使人更糊涂了。
4．这个小伙子的与众不同之处在于，他喜欢以非常规的方式进行思考，不愿同传统观念作妥协。
5． 越来越多的国家通过了严禁任何人在国境线内任意猎取野生动物的法律。
6． 情绪激动的老人打开儿子从海外寄来的信，他越想控制住发抖的双手，双手发抖得越厉害。
7． 我们不能纵容任何有危害社会秩序行为的人，不管他是谁，不管他来自何处。
8． 从经济收益方面来考虑，出版学术专著的主要问题在于这类书籍销量较少，平均每次印刷数量只有数百本而已。
9． 由于战争和自然灾害，一些国家陷入极度贫困之中。联合国的一位官员强调，正因为如此，发达国家应承担责任，为发展中国家的经济发展做出新的贡献。
10． 由于现代化电信手段的快速发展，国际间通信基本上可以不受时空的限制。
II. Comprehensive Exercises
A. Reading comprehension
（Ａ）
The health-care economy is replete with unusual and even unique economic relationships. One of the least understood involves the peculiar roles of producer or “provider” and purchaser sectors of the economy. It is the seller who attempts to attract a potential buyer with various inducements of price, quality, and utility, and it is the buyer who makes the decision. Where circumstances permit the buyer no choice because there is effectively only one seller and product is relatively essential, government usually asserts monopoly and places the industry under price and other regulations. Neither of these conditions prevails in most of the health-care industry.
In the health-care industry, the doctor-patient relationship is the mirror image of the original relationship between producer and consumer. Once an individual has chosen to see a physician—and even then there may be no real choice—it is the physician who usually makes all significant purchasing decisions: whether the patient should return “next Wednesday”, whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc. It is a rare and sophisticated patient who will challenge such professional decisions or raise in advance questions about price, especially when the ailment is regarded as serious.
This is particularly significant in relation to hospital care. The physician must certify the need for hospitalization, determine what procedures will be performed, and announce when the patient may be discharged. The patient may be consulted about some of these decisions, but in the main it is the doctor’s judgments that are final. Little wonder then that in the eyes of the hospital it is the physician who is the real “consumer”. As a con-sequence, the medical staff represents the “power center” in hospital policy and decision making, not administration.
1.The author’s primary purpose is to_______.
A. speculate about the relationship between a patient’s ability and the treatment received
B. criticize doctors for exercising too much control over patients
C. analyze some important economic factors in health care
D. urge hospitals to reclaim their decision-making authority
2. It can be inferred that doctors are able to determine hospital policies because_______.
A. it is doctors who generate income for the hospital
B. most of a patient’s bills are paid by his health insurance
C. hospital administrators lack the expertise to question medical decisions
D. a doctor is ultimately responsible for a patient’s health
3. According to the author, when a doctor tells a patient to return next Wednesday, the doctor is in effect_________.
A. taking advantage of the patient’s concern for his health
B. instructing the patient to buy more medical services
C. warning the patient that a hospital stay might be necessary
D. advising the patient to seek a second opinion
4. The author is most probably leading up to _________.
A. a proposal to control medical costs
B. a discussion of a new medical coats
C. a discussion of a new medical treatment
D. an analysis of the causes of inflation in the
5. The most important feature of a “consumer” as that term is used (Para,3) is that “consumer” is the party that_________.
A. pays for goods or services
B. delivers goods or services
C. orders goods or services
D. supplies goods and services to a third party
（Ｂ）
Though it now seems merely an episode in the last year of World WarⅠ, the influenza pandemic(流行性的) of the autumn of 1918 was one of the three GREatest outbreaks of disease in history. Only the Plague of Justinian and the Black Death compare with it, a quarter of the world’s population was affected: all in all, it killed 22 million people, almost twice as many as were killed in the war itself. In India, more people died from influenza in a few months than had died from cholera (霍乱) in twenty years. In the
Through centuries, the course of epidemics has run from east to west. The 1918 influenza epidemics followed this pattern, reaching
Influenza is still a mysterious disease. No one yet knows whether it is one virus (病毒) or several, why it occurs in cycles, or how and where it lies dormant between epidemics. There are theories of weather, theories of the wearing off of group immunity, and even a theory of determination by economic circum-stances. The most generally held current explanation is, however, that a pandemic like that of 1918 arises when a new and explosive strain of virus develops through a spontaneous process of mutation or renewal.
Questions:
6. What is the passage mainly about?
____________________________________
7. Through the centuries, the course of epidemics has been____________________________________.
8. What’s the result of the 1918 epidemic?
____________________________________
9. Concerning the origin of the 1918 epidemic:____________________________________
10. Why is the epidemic of 1918 described aspandemic?
____________________________________
B. Cloze
Most of the nonverbal communication at work centers on a single theme: power, which translates into status. In every species and society, those in control try to 1 large, strong and fearless. ２ some other animals ３ dominance, humans have their own ways of signaling who’s in ４ . “In our culture, status shows ５ subtly in the relaxed posture and way of interaction,” says Albert Mehrabian, a professor of psychology. ６ , those lower in position characteristically display more ７ .“The classic example is the soldier standing at
The leaders in a group usually are the ones who lean back in their chairs. To make a point, they may lean ９ . Their gestures are large and fluid, 1０ an easy confidence and command of space. 1１ also take GREater control of con－versation.“The position in authority 1２ to talk more, speak louder and 1３ others”, says Mehrabian.
The bodies of the powerful can also “leak” messages of weakness that always betray 1４ they’re really feeling. Imagine this 1５ : the head of your company announces to his staff that the firm has been bought by a giant corporation. “This is GREat news!” he says. “The new owners are more 1６ than ever.”
As he speaks, your boss stands stiffly behind the chair, his hands clasped in front of him. He smiles often, 1７ his eyes have a serious look. His voice is flat, and the 1８ seems higher than usual. Should you believe him? “ Look for differences 1９ what you’re seeing and what you’re hearing,” suggests Austin. Your boss’s body language is ２０ reassuring.
1. A. pretend B. appear
C. seem D. disguise
2. A. As B. Besides C. Like D. Despite
3. A. asserting B. declaring
C. confirming D. claiming
4. A. management B. duty
C. obligation D. charge
5. A. it B. itself C. them D. us
6. A. Consequently B. Unfortunately
C. Conversely D. Undoubtedly
7. A. rigidity B. dignity C. vigor D. rigor
8. A. attention B. length C. ease D. peace
9. A. forward B. toward C. ahead D. over
10. A. proposing B. embodying
C. signaling D. proving
11. A. Authorities B. Superiors
C. Inferiors D. Officials
12. A. cares B. intends C. tends D. means
13. A. intervene B. interfere
C. interrupt D. intermingle
14. A. which B. what C. that D. why
15. A. sight B. spot C. scenery D. scene
16. A. secure B. responsible
C. generous D. optimistic
17. A. when B. as C. although D. so
18. A. throat B. tone C. note D. melody
19. A. in B. between
C. from D. among
20. A. anything but B. nothing but
C. no more than D. more than
C. Error correction
“Home, sweet home” is a phrase that expresses an essential attitude in the United States. Whether the reality of life in the family house is sweet or no sweet, the S1_________
cherished ideal of home has GREat importance for many people. This ideal is a vital part of the American dream. This dream, dramatized in the history of nineteenth-century European settlers of the American West, was to find a piece of place, build a house for one’s family, S2_________
and started a farm. These small households S3_________
were portraits of independence: the entire family—mother, father, children, even grand-parents—live in a small house and working together to support each other. S4_________
Anyone understood the life and death impor- S5_________
tance of family cooperation and hard work. Although most people in the
ideal of home ownership is just as strong in the twentieth century as it was in the nine-teenth. When
they dreamed of buying houses and starting families. But there was a
S8_________
tremendous boom in home building. The new houses, typically in the suburbs, were often small and more or less identical, but it S9_________
satisfied a deep need. Many regarded the single-family house the basis of their way of life. S10_________
D. Translation
1. If you do not say anything else for the rest of your life, just repeat this conversation, and you still have a fair chance of passing as a remarkably witty man of sharp intellect, keen observation and extremely pleasant manners.
2. This is the world out of which grows the hope, for the first time in history, of a society where there will be freedom from want and freedom from fear.
3. From the massive realignments taking place in the information industries to the capabilities of the technologies themselves, there is an often unstated assumption that everything is for the best.
4. So, compared to what used to be, society is way ahead; compared to what might be, it is way behind.
5. Until recently, scientists have been able to devise a drill which would be capable of cutting through hard rock at GREat depths.
E. Writing
For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Ｗomen’s Social Position. You must base your composition on the following instructions. Your composition should be no less than 150 words.
1．妇女的地位越来越高；
2．但社会上还存在歧视妇女的现象；
3．妇女并不比男人差，我们应为男女平等而努力。
