(一)介词的种类
介词按其构成可分为：
1.简单介词：即单一介词。 如： in,at,from
2.复合介词：由两个介词组成。如：but for,without
3.二重介词：由两个介词搭配而成， 但没有复合介词那样固定。如：from behind,until after,except for
4.短语介词：由短语构成。如：in view of; on account of
5.分词介词：由现在分词构成。如：including,regarding,judging from
(二)常见介词的固定搭配
1.介词on 在词组搭配中表示“依赖”、“依靠”。如：
depend on,base ...on,live on,lie on ones back
2.介词 to 与表示“熟悉”、“习惯”、“明白”、“态度”的词连用：be familiar to， be used to,be clear/obvious/ known to
3.表示“远离，分开”可以引申为“阻止、免除”等意义。separate ...from; be absent from; part from; break away from; keep from; stop/prevent from,be safe from;(be free ... from, protect ... from; defend...from
4.介词 of 和具有“除去；夺取；消除”等含义的动词连用构成固定搭配。如： rob...of; clear...of; cure...of,rid...of等。
5.介词with 和具有“供给”意思的词连用。如：supply...with; provide...with; equip...with。
(三)介词与有关词类的搭配关系
1.动词＋介词的常用的短语有：
aGREe on/with/to 同意 believe in 相信 attend to关照 break in/into 闯入 come across 遇见 deal with 处理 look after 照顾 look into 调查 operate on 动手术 dream of 渴望 call on 访问 ask for 要求 hope for 希望 insist on 坚持 learn about 得知 pay for 付款 refer to 意指 quarrel about(with)争吵 add to 增加 aim at 瞄准 take to 喜欢
2.动词＋副词＋介词的常用的短语有：
add up to 加起来是 catch up with 赶上 get along with 与……相处 make up for 补偿
live up to 不辜负 go on with 继续 look forward to 盼望 get away with 逃避
get through with 完成 get down to 从事 look down on 轻视 go through with 完成
look out for 警惕 keep away from 避免 keep up with 赶上 go in for 从事 get out of 脱离
3.动词＋名词＋介词的常用短语有：
pay attention to 注意 catch sight of 看见 draw ones attention to 吸引注意 make fun of 取笑 make use of 利用 take care of 照顾 take part in 参加 set fire on 纵火 lose sight of 看不见 make friends with 与……交友 put an end to 结束 take hold of 抓住 take notice of 注意到 have a look at 看一下 take pride in 以……为自豪 have trouble/difficulty in 在……有困难 form the habit of 养成……习惯 give advice on 提出……建议
4.介词与形容词的搭配的常用短语有：
be absent from缺席 be anxious for/about担心 be angry at/with/about 对……生气
be afraid of 害怕 be careful of 小心 be careful with对……细心 be busy with 忙于
be different from与……不同 be equal to 相等，胜任 be familiar to...为某人所熟悉 be famous for 因……著名 be far from 远离 be full of 充满 be polite to 对……有礼貌 be proud of 自豪 be short of 缺少 be strict with/in 对……要求严格
(四)常与“段时间”用的几个介词
1.“during＋段时间” 和 “in＋段时间”
1）“during ＋段时间”强调时间的持续性，而“in＋段时间”只用来表示具体的时间。
The students always do their homework in the evening.学生们总是在晚上做家庭作业。
Only two trains left during the morning.一上午只开出两列火车。
2）在某些表示事件的名词（如stay,visit,meal）前宜用during,以表示这些事件的持续时间。如：
He had some amazing experiences during his military service.他在服役期间有一些令人诧异的经历。
I went to see my uncle during my stay in Beijing.在北京逗留期间，我去拜访了舅舅。
3）“in＋段时间”可以表示在某段时间之后。
I will be back in five hours.五个小时后我就会回来。
除上述情况外，两者可以互换：
I woke up three times during/in the night.夜间，我醒过三次。
We'll be on holiday in/during August.我们将在八月份度假。
2.“during ＋段时间” 和 “for＋段时间”
他们表示时间的长度， 有时可以互换。但“during＋段时间”侧重于时间的持续，后接特定的时间，用于回答“When...”？而“for＋段时间”表示延续了一段时间，后接具体的时间长度，用于回答“How long...?”
They stayed in Beijing during /for the Summer holiday.他们在北京过暑假。
“When did it snow?”“It snowed during the night.”“何时下雪了？”“晚间下雪了。”(不用for)
“How long have you been here?” “I have been here for three weeks.”“来这儿多久了？” “已经三周了。”
3.“during ＋段时间” 与 “through/throughout＋段时间”
三个词都可以表示延续了一段时间，但意义不同。“during ＋段时间”除强调动作延续性外，期间可能有中断，不一定自始自终，而“through/throughout＋段时间”强调动作的一贯性，自始自终，没有间断。
He worked during the night.他工作了一夜。
He worked through/throughout the night.他工作了一整夜。
(五)分词介词用法例析
We asked the American professor many questions after class concerning American higher education.课后我们问了那位美国教授许多关于美国高等教育方面的问题。
He did poorly in his examinations considering that he had studied hard for them.从他为考试所作出的努力来看，他考的很糟糕。
Judging from what I had seen,they must have carefully prepared for the inspection.从我听见的来判断，他们为这次检查一定作了充分的准备。
Given that he has two daughters still at college,I can understand his refusal to retire.他的两个女儿还在上大学，从这一点来看，他不愿退休是能理解的。
介词按其构成可分为：
1.简单介词：即单一介词。 如： in,at,from
2.复合介词：由两个介词组成。如：but for,without
3.二重介词：由两个介词搭配而成， 但没有复合介词那样固定。如：from behind,until after,except for
4.短语介词：由短语构成。如：in view of; on account of
5.分词介词：由现在分词构成。如：including,regarding,judging from
(二)常见介词的固定搭配
1.介词on 在词组搭配中表示“依赖”、“依靠”。如：
depend on,base ...on,live on,lie on ones back
2.介词 to 与表示“熟悉”、“习惯”、“明白”、“态度”的词连用：be familiar to， be used to,be clear/obvious/ known to
3.表示“远离，分开”可以引申为“阻止、免除”等意义。separate ...from; be absent from; part from; break away from; keep from; stop/prevent from,be safe from;(be free ... from, protect ... from; defend...from
4.介词 of 和具有“除去；夺取；消除”等含义的动词连用构成固定搭配。如： rob...of; clear...of; cure...of,rid...of等。
5.介词with 和具有“供给”意思的词连用。如：supply...with; provide...with; equip...with。
(三)介词与有关词类的搭配关系
1.动词＋介词的常用的短语有：
aGREe on/with/to 同意 believe in 相信 attend to关照 break in/into 闯入 come across 遇见 deal with 处理 look after 照顾 look into 调查 operate on 动手术 dream of 渴望 call on 访问 ask for 要求 hope for 希望 insist on 坚持 learn about 得知 pay for 付款 refer to 意指 quarrel about(with)争吵 add to 增加 aim at 瞄准 take to 喜欢
2.动词＋副词＋介词的常用的短语有：
add up to 加起来是 catch up with 赶上 get along with 与……相处 make up for 补偿
live up to 不辜负 go on with 继续 look forward to 盼望 get away with 逃避
get through with 完成 get down to 从事 look down on 轻视 go through with 完成
look out for 警惕 keep away from 避免 keep up with 赶上 go in for 从事 get out of 脱离
3.动词＋名词＋介词的常用短语有：
pay attention to 注意 catch sight of 看见 draw ones attention to 吸引注意 make fun of 取笑 make use of 利用 take care of 照顾 take part in 参加 set fire on 纵火 lose sight of 看不见 make friends with 与……交友 put an end to 结束 take hold of 抓住 take notice of 注意到 have a look at 看一下 take pride in 以……为自豪 have trouble/difficulty in 在……有困难 form the habit of 养成……习惯 give advice on 提出……建议
4.介词与形容词的搭配的常用短语有：
be absent from缺席 be anxious for/about担心 be angry at/with/about 对……生气
be afraid of 害怕 be careful of 小心 be careful with对……细心 be busy with 忙于
be different from与……不同 be equal to 相等，胜任 be familiar to...为某人所熟悉 be famous for 因……著名 be far from 远离 be full of 充满 be polite to 对……有礼貌 be proud of 自豪 be short of 缺少 be strict with/in 对……要求严格
(四)常与“段时间”用的几个介词
1.“during＋段时间” 和 “in＋段时间”
1）“during ＋段时间”强调时间的持续性，而“in＋段时间”只用来表示具体的时间。
The students always do their homework in the evening.学生们总是在晚上做家庭作业。
Only two trains left during the morning.一上午只开出两列火车。
2）在某些表示事件的名词（如stay,visit,meal）前宜用during,以表示这些事件的持续时间。如：
He had some amazing experiences during his military service.他在服役期间有一些令人诧异的经历。
I went to see my uncle during my stay in Beijing.在北京逗留期间，我去拜访了舅舅。
3）“in＋段时间”可以表示在某段时间之后。
I will be back in five hours.五个小时后我就会回来。
除上述情况外，两者可以互换：
I woke up three times during/in the night.夜间，我醒过三次。
We'll be on holiday in/during August.我们将在八月份度假。
2.“during ＋段时间” 和 “for＋段时间”
他们表示时间的长度， 有时可以互换。但“during＋段时间”侧重于时间的持续，后接特定的时间，用于回答“When...”？而“for＋段时间”表示延续了一段时间，后接具体的时间长度，用于回答“How long...?”
They stayed in Beijing during /for the Summer holiday.他们在北京过暑假。
“When did it snow?”“It snowed during the night.”“何时下雪了？”“晚间下雪了。”(不用for)
“How long have you been here?” “I have been here for three weeks.”“来这儿多久了？” “已经三周了。”
3.“during ＋段时间” 与 “through/throughout＋段时间”
三个词都可以表示延续了一段时间，但意义不同。“during ＋段时间”除强调动作延续性外，期间可能有中断，不一定自始自终，而“through/throughout＋段时间”强调动作的一贯性，自始自终，没有间断。
He worked during the night.他工作了一夜。
He worked through/throughout the night.他工作了一整夜。
(五)分词介词用法例析
We asked the American professor many questions after class concerning American higher education.课后我们问了那位美国教授许多关于美国高等教育方面的问题。
He did poorly in his examinations considering that he had studied hard for them.从他为考试所作出的努力来看，他考的很糟糕。
Judging from what I had seen,they must have carefully prepared for the inspection.从我听见的来判断，他们为这次检查一定作了充分的准备。
Given that he has two daughters still at college,I can understand his refusal to retire.他的两个女儿还在上大学，从这一点来看，他不愿退休是能理解的。
