( A )
Almost everyone accepts the fact that crime can never be wiped out entirely. Thus control of crime becomes the focus of police and government around the world. The question lawmakers must answer is, “Which system of criminal punishment works best for society? ” Each country has developed its own ideas for a solution to this question, and these solutions then determine how criminals are punished under different systems. However, none of the current systems in use has proved 100 percent effective. There are many ideas about punishment of criminals. Some systems look only to get retribution (惩罚) against criminals. These systems work to frighten criminals away from repeating a crime in the future.
These systems also try to deter ( 阻碍 ) others in society by using the criminal as an example of what can happen to a person if he or she is caught committing crimes. Rehabilitation (恢复) is another philosophy by which many systems of punishment operate. The goal of these systems is to return a former criminal to society after a required period of treatment and training, usually in prisons. The idea is to help change the person’s behavior and approach so that he or she becomes a law-abiding citizen.
Capital punishment is another form of punishment which systems use in extreme criminal cases, sometimes involving such crimes as a murder, rape, and violent theft. In these cases, the person is put to death. Today, capital punishment is used in relatively few countries. Many countries have done away with it. In other words, capital punishment remains only in official law books but is rarely used. However, capital punishment remains in use in some countries, including the United States.
(Words: 292; Time: 5′)
1. The police around the world usually concentrate their attention on how to ________ .
A. catch the person who commits rimes
B. punish the person who commits rimes
C. control crimes
D. determine the system of punishment of criminals
2. Different purposes of the systems of criminal punishment are mentioned in the passage EXCEPT to ________ .
A. frighten criminals and stop them from committing crimes again
B. warn others in society not to commit crimes
C. reform criminals and help them return to society
D. help criminals get some knowledge of law
3. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Many countries including the USA have got rid of capital punishment.
B. In some countries capital punishment can only be found in law books, but it is hardly used.
C. Capital punishment is only used in extreme criminal cases.
D. Some countries including China still use capital punishment.
4. What does capital punishment means in the passage?
A. The death penalty.
B. A penalty fine.
C. Severe punishment.
D. Life imprisonment.
( B )
Fifty years ago, on February 28, 1953, two young men rushed into a Cambridge pub in Britain and announced that they had found the secret of life! Nobody in the pub believed them, but Briton Francis Crick and American James Watson were telling the truth. The two men-then only 35 and 23 respectively-had indeed discovered the structure of DNA.
DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid (脱氧核糖核酸), is in every cell of our bodies. It contains the information needed to construct and operate humans. DNA is one long fiber-like a hair, but thinner and longer. It is organized into strings of genes. These genes carry the instructions needed to make all the different cells in our bodies. They also determine how the cells will be arranged. So, DNA is responsible for how many fingers you have, where your legs are placed on your body, the color of your eyes and even how to build your brain.
Crick and Watson found that DNA was structured as a double helix (螺旋状物), which looks like a ladder that’s been twisted(扭曲) along its length. Their discovery changed science and the world. Scientists can now decipher (破译) the DNA of humans and other species. Animals and crop genes are changed to create different characteristics. Gene therapy(治疗) has been used to treat diseases. In disasters and accidents, DNA helps people identify the dead.
Watson and Crick were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in the category (种类) of medicine or physiology (生理学) for their GREat discovery. But, the DNA story is far from over. Scientists are still working out the details of how DNA is replicated ( 复制 ) so quickly and accurately and exploring more uses of DNA.
(Words: 312; Time: 5′30″)
5. The secret of life was first found by ________ .
A. two young men from Cambridge pub
B. two young men from Britain
C. two young men from America
D. two scientists from Britain and America
6. Which of the following has nothing to do with DNA?
A. Some people are very wise and some are very stupid.
B. Some people have blue eyes and some have black.
C. Some people like sports and some don’t.
D. Some people are tall and some are short.
7. Which statement is NOT true about DNA?
A. DNA, which is in the cells of our bodies, determines what we look like.
B. DNA doesn’t exist in plants.
C. DNA, which looks like a twisted ladder, contains the information of the species.
D. DNA makes cells different from others.
8. It is believed that ________ .
A. scientists have already found all the secrets of DNA
B. we have a long way to go in the research of DNA
C. DNA technology is far from useful
D. DNA technology is mainly used in medicine
key:
( A )这是一篇议论文,探讨“什么样的法律体系会更有效地控制犯罪”。
解答议论文题目往往有一定的难度,出题方式多为观点辨认题、细节判断题、推理题等。 有时作者的观点在短文中不是很明显,要求我们在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上,细心寻找表现作者观点的关键词句,掌握文章的真正内涵。不能主观臆想,凭空想象,随意揣测,不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点; 要体会文章的基调,揣摸作者的态度, 悟出作者的弦外之音, 这样才能准确地把握作者的观点。
1. C。 细节理解题。第一段第二句提供了答题依据。 2. D。 细节判断题。短文中提到了A项( to frighten criminals away from repeating a crime in the future)、B项(to deter others in society by using the criminal as an example)和C项(to return a former criminal to society after a required period of treatment and training)项。D项内容没有提及。 3. A。 细节判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,美国仍然还在使用死刑。故A项内容明显错误。 4. A。 词义猜测题。根据关键词: in extreme criminal cases; put to death可知capital punishment是“死刑”的意思。
(B)这是一篇科普类短文。本文介绍DNA ( 脱氧核糖核酸 ) 的有关知识。
科普类文章内容较为抽象复杂,且涉及一定的专业术语,理解有一定的难度。但试题一般多为细节考查,只要理解所讲的内容,答案一般比较简单。 我们要拓宽我们的科普背景知识,了解最新的科技动态,丰富自己的科技词语,以便更好地理解所读的内容。
5. D。 细节判断题。根据第一段中的“Briton Francis Crick and American James Watson were telling the truth.”可判断。 6. C。 转换理解题。从第二段中分析, DNA is responsible for how many fingers you have, where your legs are placed on your body, the color of your eyes and even how to build your brain.而C项不属于上述范畴。 7. B。事实确认题。从第三段第三句话分析, B项的说法是不正确的。 8. B。细节归纳题。 从文章的最后一段可归纳出正确答案。
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