第一讲 分清主从 把握结构
I. 分清主从 把握结构
分清主从是理清原文结构，拟出译文整体框架的关键，而辨析词义是确保译文准确的前提。不少考生也能理解译文的大致意思，却组织不好译文，不是拖泥带水就是丢三拉四，其主要问题在于没能分清主从，不能从整体上把握原文结构。
请看这样一例英语翻译试题：
It is hard to believe that automobiles, radios, motion pictures, frozen foods, electric refrigerator, to mention only a few items, have come into common use within thirty years.
主体结构：It is hard to believe that…（这简直令人难以置信）
宾语从句中: automobiles, radios, motion pictures, frozen foods, electric refrigerator have come into common use（汽车、无线电、电影、速冻食品、电冰箱已经进入普遍使用）
时间状语 :within thirty years (在30年之内)
插入语: to mention only a few items (仅提及几件东西)
翻译分析处理：此句比较棘手的是形式主语It和插入语: to mention only a few items的翻译。为了符合汉语的表达习惯，可以考虑将插入语前置，另起一句。经过句子结构分析、词语翻译和词序调整，我们便可将此句译成通顺的汉语了。
译文：且举几件东西来说吧，汽车、无线电、电影、速冻食品、电冰箱，这些东西在过去的30年中得到了广泛的应用，这简直令人难以置信
翻译下面句子：
1．他抬头看钟，发现已是夜里十一点多，不由吃了一惊。
2 ．我发现他根本没听说过我，觉得有些失望。
因为最近开学了，没那么多时间了，我就没自己打字了，直接截图了， 请大家原谅。
如果大家觉得翻译比较麻烦，只要找出主句就可以了。
1. (1) Looking up at the clock, he was surprised to find it was already past eleven p. m-
(2) He looked up at the clock and saw to his amazement that it was already past eleven p. m.
2. (1) I was a bit disappointed when I found out he had never heard of me.
(2) Somewhat to my disappointment I saw that my name did not mean anything to him.
3. 但真正最令比尔激动的时刻是火灾发生六个月之后，刚刚出院的罗伊斯走进尤里卡饭店，请他喝啤酒。
