鉴别阅读法是一种快速提炼文章的段意，主要内容以及中心思想的阅读方法.鉴别阅读法分为三个步骤：首先要划分出文章的段落，迅速划出段落的中心句，重点句，或用自己的语言概括出段意．其次，连接各段的段意，分析文章的重点句，段，归纳主要内容． 最后，在阅读过程中，要留意文章的题目，开头段，结尾段以及文章的议论部分，从中概括出中心思想。
鉴别阅读法实际上就是通过以行三个步骤来掌握文章的重要信息，而无需一字不漏的通读全文。
概括段意
概括段意常用的几种方法
１．用段的中心句概括段意 一段文章中，往往有一个高度概括段的主要内容的句子，即中心句。全段围绕中心展开叙述。中心句或在开头，或在结尾，或在中间。只有抓住中心句，才能简练，准确地概括段意。
２．用文章的重点句概括段意。 在有的文章段落中，作者在叙述事实以后，用抒情议论的方法，写出了自己的感性体会。这些感想，往往概括出全文的主旨，点明了段的中心意思。阅读时可以直接引用为段的段意。
３．用自己的语言概括段意。在许多的文章段落中，往往找不到中心句，也没有作者的抒情，这样就必须认真地阅读全段内容，把中心句归纳，总结出来，用自己的话概括段意。步骤是：首先这一段共讲了几句话；然后分析是几层意思来叙述的，每一层都写了什么内容，全段主要叙述了什么问题。这样逐句逐层的阅读，分析，就可以概括出段的大意了．
抓住文章的主要内容
归纳文章的主要内容十分段理解课文后，综合理解全文的必不可少的步骤。抓住文章的主要内容，要有一定的理解能力，概括能力，同时也要
掌握一定的方法。
１．研究题目，把握主要内容。有时文章的题目已经点出了文章的主要内容，把题目稍加扩展，就能归纳出文章的主要意思来。
２．连接每段段意就是文章的主要内容。段意是一段文章主要内容的概括，把每段段意连接起来就是一篇文章的主要内容。所以，从归纳段意
入手，是抓住一篇文章主要内容的方法之一。
３．分析重点句，段，归纳主要内容。从文章中找出重点句，把这些句子连接起来，就是文章的主要内容。一篇文章中，往往有重点段落，对表达文章的中心思想起着重要作用，阅读时要加以重视。
归纳中心思想
阅读一篇文章，要参照阅读程序进行。虽然文章的体裁不同，类型不同，但应该相对稳定的保持“综合－分析－综合”的阅读程序。也就是按
照先浏览全文，了解段落大意，随后逐段分析和捉摸关键的字，词，句，弄清段落大意和各段关系，随后概括出全文的中心思想。
怎样概括文章的中心思想呢？
１．要分析一篇文章的题目。文章的题目往往是画龙点睛之笔，有时就是中心思想的高度概括。
２．要重视文章的开头和结尾。文章的开头和结尾，往往显露了全文的中心。阅读时要认真地分析它们与内容之间的关系。
３．留意文章的议论部分。有些文章采用了夹叙夹议的方法，这些议论含蓄的点出文章的中心思想。阅读这类文章时，特别要注意其中的议论部分。
４．体会主要内容，概括中心思想。有些文章的中心思想不那么明显，暗含在文章所叙述的事物之中。 只有深思一步才能领会作者的写作意图。读这类文章，必须对关键的词，句，段深入理解，统观全文，透过现象看本质才能准确地总结出文章的中心思想。人的大脑具有选择和压缩信息的功能，鉴别阅读法正是利用了大脑思维的之一特点，通过寻找文章的段意，主要内容，中心思想。运用鉴别阅读法时对文章提供的信息进行加工整理，去粗取精，以达到广泛获得知识的目的。在运用鉴别阅读法时，精力必须高度集中，大脑处于积极的思维状态才能保证阅读的质量。掌握它有一个练习的过程，初学阶段可以不求快，运用熟练了，阅读的速度自然会加快。
快速阅读训练
In this section there are five passages followed by ten questions or unfinished statements. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
TEXT E
First read the following question.
1. The purpose of the passage is to_____.
A. describe ways of eliminating mosquito larvae
B. demonstrate the GREat differences among kinds of mosquitoes
C. show reasons for the high survival rate of mosquitoes
D. give a general description of mosquito development
Now read Text E quickly and mark your answer on your ANSWER SHEET.
Each variety of mosquitoes has its favored kind of water accumulation for breeding, and almost every imaginable type of still water has been used by at least one kind of mosquito to lay its eggs. After the eggs hatch, the larvae continue to be closely associated with water’s surface at the tail ends of their bodies. Because the larvae develop this way, they are never found in the open water of lakes where they would merely serve as fish food, or in places where they would be damaged by wave action or water currents.
TEXT F
First read the following questions.
2. The main idea of the passage is ______.
A. how to play tennis
B. how to win a tennis match
C. the general introduction of the game
D. what is a game in tennis
3. The author drives his point home by______.
A. giving the details B. explaining step by step C. offering strong proofs D. making vivid descriptions
Now read Text F quickly and mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
Let’s talk about tennis between just two players. You know that the two players hit a ball across the net. One side must hit the ball so that the other player cannot hit it back over the net. The ball must stay within the lines. If the first player can’t do this, the opponent gets a point. The players always stop when one wins a point. To start play again, one player will serve. He or she throws the ball into the air and hits it. The ball must cross the net without hitting it. The other player must hit the ball back across the net before it hits the ground twice. If the ball doesn’t hit the net or the ground twice, the players keep hitting it over the net. This goes on until someone misses. A player needs four points to win a game. If both players have three points, then one must get two more points together to win. When one player wins six games, it is called a set. If each side wins five games, then one must win two more games together to win the set. If each player wins six games, they play one more game of seven points. A match usually has three or five sets.
TEXT G
First read the following question.
4. While at London airports, you have to present your passport at______.
A. the carousel B. the Immigration Hall C. the customs D. the Arrivals Hall
Now read Text G quickly and mark your answer on your ANSWER SHEET.
Arriving at London airports. Just follow these simple steps for a trouble free arrival. Follow the ARRIVALS sign if you are ending your journey in London or transferring to a UK domestic flight. This will take you to the Immigration Hall where you must present your passport and any necessary visa/health documentation.
At HEATHROW airport proceed downstairs to claim your baggage from the carousel indicating your flight number. At GATEWICK airport proceed downstairs in the North Terminal to claim your baggage from the carousel indicating your flight number. Free trolleys are available for your bags. To clear customs take the Red Channel if you have goods to declare or the GREen Channel if you have no goods to declare. You will then be in the Arrivals Hall. From here you can obtain transport into central London; transfer between GATEWICK and HEATHROW airports and transfer to UK domestic flights.
TEXT H
First read the following questions.
5. The total amount of cooking time for each vegetable is______.
A. 4 minutes for the potatoes and 10 minutes for the cucumber
B. 10 minutes for the potatoes and 4 minutes for the cucumber
C. 4 minutes for the cucumber and 14 minutes for the potatoes
D. 14 minutes for the cucumber and 4 minutes for the potatoes
6. Which of the following statements aGREes with the menu directions?
A. The dish is enough to go round.
B. Four serving spoons are needed.
C. The dish is to be shared by four persons.
D. Four guests can help themselves to the dish.
7. According to this recipe, ______.
A. parsley, salt and pepper are to be added by a sprinkler
B. the dish has to be properly seasoned with salt and pepper
C. parsley is used for decoration
D. the dish must be tossed to everybody’s taste
Now read Text H quickly and mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
Recipe
Potatoes and Cucumber with Parsley
2 potatoes, about 3/4 pound
1 cucumber, about 3/4 pound
1 tablespoon butter
1 tablespoon finely chopped parsley
Salt and pepper to taste
Peel the potatoes. Split them in half lengthwise, then cut into quarters.
Put the potatoes in a small skillet with water to cover. Bring to the boil and cook about 10 minutes.
Meanwhile scrape the cucumber. Cut it into 11/2 inch lengths. Cut each length in half.
When the potatoes have cooked 10 minutes, add the cucumbers. Cook about four minutes. Drain.
Add the butter to the vegetables and toss. Sprinkle with parsley, salt and pepper to taste and serve. Yielding: 4 servings.
TEXT I
First read the following questions.
8. How does a student know what the homework assignments are?
A. Prof. Klammer announces them in class.
B. The student reads the list on the next page.
C. Prof. Klammer gives a list every week in class.
D. The student goes to the professor’s office and asks.
9. If a freshman thinks that he might major in history, what is the maximum length his paper can be?
A. Fifteen pages. B. Twenty five pages.C. Ten pages. D. No maximum.
10. If a student cannot see Prof. Klammer during her office hours, what should he do?
A. See her after class. B. Call her at home. C. Ask another student. D. Make an appointment with her.
Now read Text I quickly and mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
COURSE OUTLINE FOR HISTORY 101, DR. JANE KLAMMER
COURSE: History 101 "Introduction to American History"
INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Jane Klammer
OFFICE: 305 Marshall Hall
OFFICE HOURS: 11.15～12.30 M W F
CLASS: 363 Marshall Hall 3.35～5.00 T Th 10:10～11:00 M W F Other times by appointment
TELEPHONE: 255-4786
TEXTBOOK: GREen, Robert P., The American Tradition: A History of the United States, Charles E. Merrill publishing Co. Columbus, Ohio 1984(available at the College Bookstore)
COURSE REQUIREMENTS:
mid term exam: October 10 20% of the final grade
final exam: December 10 40% of the final grade
term paper due: December 15 40% of the final grade
Attendance is not required, but you are responsible for all the information given in the class lectures. In the lectures I will talk about the chapters in the textbook and other material that I choose to supplement the course. The exams will cover all this information. Therefore, I advise you to come to the class as much as possible. If you have to miss a class, be sure to get the class notes from another student.
Your homework assignments are listed on the next page. You are supposed to read the chapter about which I will be lecturing before you come to class. This is to make sure that you understand as much as possible while taking notes in my lectures. Be prepared when you come to class. If there are any changes in the assigned homework readings, I will announce them in class. The term paper is 40 percent of your final grade. It should not exceed fifteen pages. (Anyone thinking of majoring in history may write twenty five pages.) Before the midterm exam you will choose the topic for your paper.
Have a good semester!
参考答案：
1. C) 2. B) 3. B) 4. B) 5. C) 6. C) 7. B) 8. B) 9. B) 10. D
