Good sense is the most equitably distributed thing in the world, for each man considers himself so well provided with it that even those who are most difficult to satisfy in everything else do not usually wish to have more of it than they have already. It is not likely that everyone is mistaken in this; it shows, rather, that the ability to judge rightly and separate the true from the false, which is essentially what is called good sense or reason, is by nature equal in all men,and thus that our opinions differ not because some men are better endowed with reason than others, but only because we direct our thoughts along different paths, and do not consider the same things, for it is not enough to have a good mind: what is most important is to apply it rightly. The GREatest souls are capable of the greatest vices; and those who walk very slowly can advance much further, if they always keep to the direct road, than those who run and go astray.
For my part, I have never presumed my mind to be more perfect than average in any way; I have, in fact, often wished that my thoughts were as quick, or my imagination as precise and distinct, or my memory as capacious or prompt, as those of some other men. And I know of no other qualities than these which make for the perfection of the mind; for as to reason, or good sense, in as much as it alone makes us men and distinguishes us from the beasts, I am quite willing to believe that it is whole and entire in each of us, and to follow in the common opinion of the philosophers who say that there are differences of more or less only among the accidents, and not among the forms, or natures, of the individuals of a single species.
1. According to the author, the three elements that comprise our mind are
A. tenacity of thought, capacious memory, quickness of mind
B. precise of wit, ease of conscience, quickness of thought
C. quickness of wit, ease of conscience, quickness of thought
D. promptness of memory, distinctness of imagination, quickness of thought
2. The basic idea of the first paragraph may be stated as follows .
A. all persons have an equal portion of good will when they are born
B. GREat souls are capable of great evil
C. good sense, in terms of its distribution among persons, may be called common sense
D. good sense is the mark of the truly good person
3. About himself, the author states that .
A. he had always sensed his mental superiority over most persons
B. his awareness of his mental superiority over others was something that GREw slowly with experience
C. he actually regards his own mental faculties as inferior in many ways to those of the GREat majority of persons
D. he has never had the feeling that his mind was more than average in any way
4. The author claims that what sets human beings apart from beasts is .
A. a sense of organization combined with the ability to create
B. the ability to adapt to the surroundings
C. a sense of reason coupled with a strong sense of practicality
D. a sense of reason
5. According to the author the ability to distinguish between the true and the false is .
A. endowed by nature to all creatures
B. endowed in equal measure to all persons
C. more heavily present in some persons than in others
D. an unnatural, cultivated trait in all persons
Passage 2
Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a very complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional transportation, and public utility services.
The interrelationships of all these prices make up the “system”of prices. The price of any particularproduct or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.
If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define “price,” many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product of service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a product of service as aGREed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that supply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total“package”being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.
6. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The Inherent Weaknesses of the Price System.
B. The Complexities of the Price System.
C. Credit Terms in Transactions.
D. Resource Allocation and the Public Sector.
7. According to the passage, the price system is related primarily to .
A. labor and education
B. transportation and insurance
C. utilities and repairs
D. products and services
8. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a factor in the complete understanding of price?
A. Instructions that come with a product.
B. The quantity of a product.
C. The quality of a product.
D. Warrenties that cover a product.
9. In the last sentence of the passage, “they”refers to .
A. return privileges
B. all the factors
C. buyer and seller
D. money
10. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses .
A. unusual ways to advertise products
B. types of payment plans for service
C. theories about how products affect different levels of society
D. how certain elements of a price“ package”influence its market value
Passage 3
In the past oysters (牡蛎) were raised in much the same way as dirt farmers raised tomatoes——by transplanting them. First, farmers selected the oyster bed, cleared the bottom of old shells and other debris (残骸), and then scattered clean shells about. Next they “planted” fertilized oyster eggs, which within two or three weeks hatched into larvae. The larvae drifted until they attached themselves to the clean shells on the bottom. There they remained and in time GREw into baby oysters called seed or spat (贝卵). The spat grew larger by drawing in seawater from which they derived microscopic particles of food. Before long, farmers gathered the baby oysters, transplanted them in other waters to speed up their growth, and then transplanted them once more into another body of water to fatten them up.
Until recently the supply of wild oysters and those crudely farmed were more than enough to satisfy people's needs. But today the delectable seafood is no longer available in abundance. The problem has become so serious that some oyster beds have vanished entirely.
Fortunately, as far back as the early 1900's marine biologists realized that if new measures were not taken, oysters would become extinct or at best a luxury food. So they set up well-equipped hatcheries and went to work. But they did not have the proper equipment or the skill to handle the eggs. They did not know when, what, and how to feed the larvae. And they knew little about the predators that attacked and ate baby oysters by the millions. They failed, but they doggedly (努力地)kept at it. Finally, in the 1940's a significant breakthrough was made.
The marine biologists discovered that by raising the temperature of the water, they could induce oysters to spawn (产卵) not only in the summer but slao in the fall, winter, and spring. Later they developed a technique for feeding the larvae and rearing them to spat. Going still further, they succeeded in breeding new strains that were resistant to diseases, GREw faster and larger, and flourished in water of different salinities (盐分) and temperatures. In addition, the cultivated oysters tasted better!
11. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. The Threatened Extinction of Marine Life
B. The Cultivation of Oysters
C. The Discoveries Made by Marine Biologists
D. The Varieties of Wild Oysters
12. In the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a stage of an oyster's life?
A. Debris.
B. Egg.
C. Larvae.
D. Spat.
13. According to the passage, which of the following words best describes the efforts of the marine biologists working with oysters?
A. Persistent.
B. Intermittent.
C. Traditional.
D. Fruitless.
14. In the passage, the author mentions that the new strains of oyster are .
A. cheaper
B. shaped differently
C. better textured
D. healthier
15. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
A. Step by step description of the evolution of marine biology.
B. Discussion of chronological events concerning oyster production.
C. Random presentation of facts about oysters.
D. Description of oyster production at different geographic locations.
Passage 4
Chemistry did not emerge as a science until after the scientific revolution in the seventeenth century and then only rather slowly and laboriously. But chemical knowledge is as old as history, being almost entirely concerned with the practical arts of living. Cooking is essentially a chemical process; so is the melting of metals and the administration of drugs and potions. This basic chemical knowledge, which was applied in most cases as a rule of thumb, was nevertheless dependent on previous experiment. It also served to stimulate a fundamental curiosity about the processes themselves. New information was always being gained as artisans improved techniques to gain better results.
The development of a scientific approach to chemistry was, however, hampered by several factors. The most serious problem was the vast range of material available and the consequent difficulty of organizing it into some system. In addition, there were social and intellectual difficulties, chemistry is nothing if not practical; those who practice it must use their hands, they must have a certain practical flair. Yet in many ancient civilizations, practical tasks were primarily the province of a slave population. The thinker or philosopher stood apart from this mundane world, where the practical arts appeared to lack any intellectual content or interest.
The final problem for early chemical science was the element of secrecy. Experts in specific trades had developed their own techniques and guarded their knowledge to prevent others from stealing their livelihood. Another factor that contributed to secrecy was the esoteric nature of the knowledge of alchemists, who were trying to transform base metals into gold or were concerned with the hunt for the elixir that would bestow the blessing of eternal life. In one sense, the second of these was the more serious impediment because the records of the chemical processes that early alchemists had discovered were often written down in symbolic language intelligible to very few or in symbols that were purposely obscure.
16. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The scientific revolution in the seventeenth century
B. Reasons that chemistry developed slowly as a science
C. The practical aspects of chemistry
D. Diffculties of organizing knowledge systematically
17. According to the passage, how did knowledge about chemical processes increase before the seventeenth century?
A. Philosophers devised theories about chemical properties.
B. A special symbolic language was developed.
C. Experience led workers to revise their techniques.
D. Experts shared their discoveries with the public.
18. The word “hampered" in Line 1 Para 2 is closest in meaning to .
A. recognized
B. determined
C. solved
D. hindered
19. The word “it" in Line 3 Para 2 refers to which of the following?
A. problem
B. material
C. difficulty
D. system
20. Which of the following statements best explains why “the second of these was the more serious impediment"(Lines 5-6 Para 3 )?
A. Chemical knowledge was limited to a small number of people.
B. The symbolic language used was very imprecise.
C. Very few new discoveries were made by alchemists.
D. The records of the chemical processes were not based on experiments. Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes) ??Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C） and D）. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
21. United States citizens are now enjoying better dental health, as shown by the declining of tooth decay.
A. occurrence
B. treatment
C. consequence
D. misfortune
22. Since any answer was likely to cause embarrassment to his party, the politician tried to the question.
A. evade
B. delude
C. seclude
D. invade
23. Prof Robert Durig's reputation has been GREatly by the success of his new published book “Living in the Paradise".
A. heightened
B. enlarged
C. multiplied
D. enhanced
24. The chair was a moveable wonder, he loved the feeling of power and strength it gave him for so little .
A. efforts
B. challenge
C. exertion
D. exchange
25. She was her brains to remember the man's time, but her bad memory failed her.
A. hitting
B. beating
C. racking
D. exhausting
26. He is trying to take out a for his newly designed airplane engines.
A. loan
B. precaution
C. patent
D. propaganda
27. The people put up their right hands to that they aGREe with the speaker.
A. signify
B. attain
C. express
D. undertake
28. Any electric products sold in this famous department store will be for one year.
A. protected
B. guaranteed
C. ensured
D. assured
29. Reading became difficult for the old lady, so the optician her a pair of glasses to make her reading possible.
A. subscribed
B. inscribed
C. prescribed
D. described
30. The family was too to evacuate the house when the flood began.
A. obstinate
B. sturdy
C. determined
D. optical
31. On this test-track, the makers deliberately standard production cars to rough treatment.
A. undergo
B. subdue
C. subject
D. treat
32. The applicants to American Universities will be judged without as to race, color, or breed.
A. reference
B. objection
C. discrimination
D. specialty
33. After the long illness my mother was too to climb the steps.
A. fatal
B. feeble
C. humble
D. relaxed
34. The child was on the of tears when his mother asked him what had happened to him.
A. verge
B. border
C. margin
D. rim
35. On the front page, he his book to his director, Mr. Johnson.
A. dedicated
B. presented
C. devoted
D. offered
36. If you keep on taking on more work than you can do, your health will .
A. degrade
B. degenerate
C. exhaust
D. deteriorate
37. What he is reading is a quarterly containing of doctoral theses in proGREss.
A. abridgements
B. outlines
C. abstracts
D. synopses
38. A firm which dismisses an employee on the grounds of redundancy is obliged to him for loss of employment.
A. compensate
B. compact
C. compel
D. compliment
39. Robert and Tom are not on speaking terms now after a quarrel last week. What can we do to bring about a between them?
A. reservation
B. refreshment
C. regiment
D. reconciliation
40. The group of dancers had rehearsed the dance until their movements were absolutely .
A. simultaneous
B. sensitive
C. singular
D. figurative
41. There is no electricity in my apartment again. Has the blow then?
A. fuse
B. wire
C. plug
D. circuit
42. During the business intervals, customers appreciate the guesting rooms which are full of pictures and other beautiful .
A. imitations
B. illustrations
C. ornaments
D. implementations
43. His long and loyal service with the company was with a present from the president.
A. admitted
B. acknowledged
C. accomplished
D. accepted
44. The psychiatrists were debating if the accused man was enough to stand trial.
A. sensible
B. rational
C. reasonable
D. reciprocal
45. A good teacher must know how to his ideas to the students, as generally aGREed by educational experts.
A. display
B. transmit
C. convey
D. illuminate
46. The of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.
A. implementation
B. expedition
C. demonstration
D. manifestation
47. Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of standards.
A. equivalent
B. uniform
C. exact
D. alike
48. He has done stupid things before, but to look for the escaping gas with a match really was the silliness.
A. triumphant
B. unanimous
C. trivial
D. ultimate
49. It will be safer to walk the streets because people will not need to carry large amounts of cash, Virtually all financial will be conducted by computer.
A. transmissions
B. transitions
C. transactions
D. traffickings
50. Many people emigrated to America because of being for their political or religious belief.
A. prosecuted
B. persecuted
C. imprisoned
D. executed
答案：
1.分析与解答：正确答案为D。
2.分析与解答：正确答案为C。
3.分析与解答：正确答案为D。
4.分析与解答：正确答案为D。
5.分析与解答：正确答案为B。
6.分析与解答：正确答案为B。
7.分析与解答：答案为D。文章第一段说明价格与商品及服务的密切关系，后文一直讨论涉及商品与服务的各项内容。选项D与此相符，故为正确答案。
8.分析与解答：正确答案为A。
9.分析与解答：正确答案为C。
10.分析与解答：选D。文章第二段最后一部分提及买卖双方应充分了解构成索价与交易总的诸因素，但并没有进一步说明这些因素如何影响索价与交易总值。由此判断，下文可能谈论这一问题。选项D与此吻合，故为正确答案。
11.分析与解答：选B，本文详细讲述了特蛎的移植培育过程，第一段说明了移植特蛎的几个步骤及其生长的阶段：egg, larvae, spat。随后，讲到培育特蛎的必要性及为此付出巨大努力。最后一段介绍了海洋生物学家改良牡蛎、培养出新品种，使之能够抵御疾病，长得快，体积大，味道美。故B为正确选项。
12.分析与解答：A为正确选项。
13.分析与解答：A为正确选项。
14.分析与解答：D为正确选项
15.分析与解答：选B，从对第31题的分析可以看出，作者按时间先后讨论有关特蛎生产的具体事宜。in the past, the early 1900's, in the 1940's, recently, later 等词标志着不同事件发生的时间。
16.分析与解答：主旨题，文章首句点题，所以选B。
17.分析与解答：根据文章第一段的最后一句选择C
18.分析与解答：根据列举的原因可推知“hamper”的意思应与D.阻碍相对应。
19.分析与解答：代词it作用是为了避免和前一分句中的material重复，所以选B。
20.分析与解答：because后的句子即为此题答案，所以选A。
21.分析与解答：全句意思是：龋齿发生数量的下降显示出美国公民牙齿健康状况更好了。答案为A. occurrence(事件，发生)。其他词义分别为：B. 治疗 C.后果 D. 不幸。
22.分析与解答：因果参照型题。因为任何回答都有可能给他的党带来尴尬，所以这个政治家试图躲避这个问题。答案应选A. evade(躲避)其他词义为：B. 欺骗 C. 使隐居 D. 侵入
23.分析与解答：原句大意为：罗伯特教授的声誉因他的新书《生活在天堂》的成功而大大提高了。四个选项都有增加、增大的意思，但enhance指价值、声誉上的提高，所以选D。
24.分析与解答：语境题，根据语义可排除B、D，A与little不搭配，所以答案为C)exertion(运用，努力)。
25.分析与解答：“rack one's brains”是一个固定词组，意思是(为...答案、方法等)绞尽脑汁，根据句意：她绞尽脑汁想记起他的名字，可坏记性让她怎么也记不起来。答案应选C。
26.分析与解答：全句意思是：他要为他新研制的飞机发电机申请一项专利。答案为C)patent(专利)。
27.分析与解答：举手的目的是为了示意,所以应选A)signify意思是表示(个人的见解、意向、目的等)。
28.分析与解答：句意为：这家知名商店所售的任何电器都保修一年。选B)保证。
29.分析与解答：optician是眼镜商的意思，根据句意应选C)是劝告或吩咐使用的意思。
30.分析与解答：选项意思是：A. 顽固的 B. 强壮的 C. 坚决的，下定决心的 D. 视觉的。根据句与含义，洪水来时这家人固执地不愿撤离，应选A。
31.分析与解答：“subject to”为固定词组，意思是“cause to undergo or experience”(使遭受、使经历)。全句意思为：“在测试过程中，生产商有意让合格的汽车经受破坏性试验。”应选C。
32.分析与解答：种族、肤色等的歧视应该用C. discrimination。
33.分析与解答：同现题。too...to表示“太...以致于不能...”，这里与“不能爬楼梯”相呼应的应该是B?feeble(虚弱)。
34.分析与解答：“on the verge of tears”为固定搭配，意思是眼泪汪汪，就快哭了。所以选A。
35.分析与解答：在书的扉页上写上把书赠献给某人有专用词“dedicate”，所以选A。
36.分析与解答：全句意思是：如果你继续超负荷工作，你的健康就会变坏。四个词意分别为：A.降... 的职位 B. degenerate堕落 C. 用尽，耗尽 D. 变坏。
37.分析与解答：句子大意是：他所阅读的是一本包括博士论文摘要的季刊。四个词意分别是：A. 删节 B.题纲 C.摘要 D.大纲 根据句意，C为正确答案。
38.分析与解答：全句意思是：对于因人员过剩而解雇的雇员，工厂要予以失业赔偿。四个词意分别为：A.赔偿 B.合同 C.强迫 D.赞扬 根据语境，应选择A。
39.分析与解答：要两个人“和解”应用D. reconciliation(和解)表示。故选D。
40.分析与解答：四个词意分别为：A. 同时发生的 B. 敏感的 C. 奇特的 D. 比喻的根据语境，“舞者多次排练直到动作完全一致为止”。应该择A。指动作同时发生的。
41.分析与解答：保险丝烧断了应用A. fuse(保险丝)。
42.分析与解答：同现题。与房间里的“pictures”相呼应的应该是“ornaments”(装饰)。C
43.分析与解答：语境题。正确答案为B。四个选项词义分别为：A. 承认 B. 表示感谢 C. 完成 D. 接受，句义是总裁给他礼物对他为公司所付出的长期忠诚的服务表示感谢。
44.分析与解答：“psychiatrists”(精神病专家)所争论的当然是一个人是否“sensible”“有判断力”，这在审判中很重要，所以选A。
45.分析与解答：“convey...to”是传达的意思，通常指传达意见、见解、感情等。C中正确答案。
46.分析与解答：四个词意分别为:A. 实现、履行 B. 远征 C. 展示 D. 表明、发表。根据语境，应选择D。
47.分析与解答：句中要表达“同样等级的”应用A. equivalent。指价值、数量、意义等相等的。所以选A。
48.分析与解答：全句意为：他原来也做过傻事，但划火柴寻找跑掉的气体确实是再蠢不过的事。应选D最终的
49.分析与解答：计算机所处理的应是金融业务，故应选C. 交易，事务。
50.分析与解答：原句意为：许多人因政治、宗教迫害而移民美国。选B. 迫害。
